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Free download in PDF Biochemical Basis of Sports Performance Short Questions & Answers for competitive exams. These short objective type questions with answers are very important for Board exams as well as competitive exams. These short solved questions or quizzes are provided by Gkseries.
41
Which of the following releases most energy when completely oxidised in the body?
[A]
one gram of glucose
[B]
one gram of palmitic acid
[C]
one gram of leucine
[D]
one gram of alcohol
Answer: one gram of palmitic acid
42
The þ-oxidation of a molecule of palmitic acid, CH3(CH2)14CO2H:
[A]
yields 8 molecules of acetyl-CoA and some ATP and water
[B]
yields 16 molecules of acetyl-CoA only
[C]
yields carbon dioxide and water only
[D]
does not involve oxygen
Answer: yields 8 molecules of acetyl-CoA and some ATP and water
43
Fatty acids are transported into the mitochondria bound to
[A]
thiokinase
[B]
coenzyme A (CoA)
[C]
acetyl-CoA
[D]
carnitine
44
Most of the free fatty acids are transported in the blood:
[A]
inside the red blood cells
[B]
as lipoproteins
[C]
combined with glucose
[D]
bound to albumin
45
The process of breaking down triacylglycerol into free fatty acids and glycerol is called:
[A]
beta oxidation
[B]
lipogenesis
[C]
lipolysis
[D]
both (a) and (c) are correct
46
The major source of carbohydrate in a typical Western diet is:
[A]
starch
[B]
cellulose
[C]
glycogen
[D]
sucrose
47
The synthesis of glucose from lactate, glycerol, or amino acids is called:
[A]
glycogenolysis
[B]
glycolysis
[C]
lipolysis
[D]
gluconeogenesis
48
Aerobic resynthesis of ATP occurs:
[A]
in the mitochondria in a process called glycogenolysis
[B]
in the mitochondria in a process called oxidative phosphorylation
[C]
in the cytosol
[D]
in the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Answer: in the mitochondria in a process called oxidative phosphorylation
49
Glucose enters muscle cells mostly by:
[A]
simple diffusion
[B]
facilitated diffusion using a specific glucose transporter
[C]
co-transport with sodium
[D]
co-transport with amino acids
Answer: facilitated diffusion using a specific glucose transporter
50
Embedded in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion are:
[A]
the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (Krebs’ cycle)
[B]
the components of the electron transport chain
[C]
glycogen molecules
[D]
triacylglycerol molecules
Answer: the components of the electron transport chain
51
Sodium bicarbonate ingestion improves middle distance running performance by:
[A]
elevating the pH and buffering capacity of the extracellular fluid allowing a faster efflux of hydrogen ions from muscle
[B]
reducing the pH and buffering capacity of the extracellular fluid allowing a faster efflux of hydrogen ions from muscle
[C]
elevating the pH and buffering capacity of the extracellular fluid allowing a faster influx of hydrogen ions into muscle
[D]
elevating the pre-exercise muscle pH
Answer: elevating the pH and buffering capacity of the extracellular fluid allowing a faster efflux of hydrogen ions from muscle
52
The low intake of carbohydrate in the diet:
[A]
does not influence exercise performance in events lasting less than 10 minutes
[B]
affects the resting muscle pH
[C]
may impair high intensity exercise performance
[D]
results in greater reliance on muscle glycogen during exercise
Answer: may impair high intensity exercise performance
53
The rate of blood lactate accumulation is determined by:
[A]
the rate of muscle lactate production and the rate of muscle lactate efflux
[B]
the rate of anaerobic glycolysis
[C]
the rate of muscle glucose uptake
[D]
the difference between the rate of lactate appearance and the rate of lactate clearance
Answer: the difference between the rate of lactate appearance and the rate of lactate clearance
54
Approximately how many kJ of energy are expended if an athlete’s steady-rate oxygen uptake averages 3.0 l/min for 5 minutes of exercise?
[A]
60 kJ
[B]
150 kJ
[C]
300 kJ
[D]
500 kJ
55
Which of the following generates free glucose during the enzymatic breakdown of glycogen in skeletal muscle?
[A]
phosphorylase
[B]
debranching enzyme
[C]
α-1-6-amyloglucosidase
[D]
amylase
Answer: α-1-6-amyloglucosidase
56
Muscle lactate production increases when:
[A]
oxygen is readily available
[B]
pyruvate cannot be formed from glucose breakdown
[C]
the pH of the muscle falls
[D]
glycolysis is activated at the onset of exercise
Answer: glycolysis is activated at the onset of exercise
57
When branched chain amino acids are deaminated in muscle, the ammonia produced is mostly:
[A]
converted into arginine and released from the muscle
[B]
converted into alanine and glutamine and released from the muscle
[C]
converted into urea and released from the muscle
[D]
used to synthesise purines and pyrimidines in the muscle
Answer: converted into alanine and glutamine and released from the muscle
58
Which of the following promotes glucose and amino acid uptake by muscle?
[A]
adrenaline
[B]
insulin
[C]
glucagon
[D]
cortisol
59
During exercise, adrenaline secretion from the adrenal glands is stimulated by:
[A]
increased sympathetic nerve activity
[B]
increased plasma ACTH
[C]
increased plasma fatty acids
[D]
increased plasma glucose
Answer: increased sympathetic nerve activity
60
Within the inner matrix of the mitochondrion are:
[A]
the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (Krebs’ cycle)
[B]
the components of the electron transport chain
[C]
glycogen molecules
[D]
the enzymes of gluconeogenesis
Answer: the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (Krebs’ cycle)
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