PAPER - I
PART A
General silvicultural principles; ecological and physiological factors influencing vegetation; natural and artificial regeneration of forests; nursery techniques; seed technology collection, storage, pretreatment and germination; establishment and tendings.
Clear fellin, uniform, shelter wood selection, coppice and conversion systems, Management of Silviculture systems of temperate, subtropical, humid tropuical, dry tropical and coastal tropical forests with special reference to plantation silviculture, choice of species, establishment and management of standards, enrichment methods, technical constraints, intensive mechanized methods, aerial seeding, thinning.
Mangrove: Habitat and characteristics, mangrove, plantation-establishment and rehabilitation of degraded mangrove formations; silviculture systems for mangrove; protection of habitats against natural disasters. Cold desertCharacteristics, identification and management of psecies.
Traditional and recent advances in tropical silvicultural research and practices. Silviculture of some of the economically important species in India such as Acacia catechu, Acacia nilotica, Acacia auriculiformis, Albizzia lebbeck, Albizzia procera, Anthocephalus cadamba, Anogeissus latitolia, Azadirachta indica, Bamboo spp, Butea monosperma, Cassia siamea, Casuarina equisetifolia, Cedrus deodara, Chukrasia tabularis, Dalbergia sisoo, Dipterocarpus spp, Emblica officinalis, Eucalyptus spp, Gmelina arborea, Hardwickia binata, Largerstroemia lanceolata, Pinus roxburghii, Populus spp, Pterocarpus marsupium, Prosopis juliflora, Santalum album, Semecarpus anacrdium. Shorea robusta, Salmalia malabaricum, Tectona grandis, Terminalia tomentosa, Tamarindus indica.
PART B
Agroforestry - Scope and necessity; role in the life of People and domestic animals use, planning especially related to (i) solil and water conservation; (ii) water recharge; availability to crops; (iv) nature and eco-system preservation including ecological balances through predator relationships and (v) Providing opportunities for enhancing biodiversity, medical and other and fauna. Agro forestry systems under different agroecological zones; selection of species and role multipurpose trees and NTFPs, techniques, food fodder and fuel security. Research and Extension needs,
Social/Urban Forestry : Objectives, scope and necessity; peoples participation. JFM -
Principles of social grouping, stages of tribal NGOs. Tribology: Tribal scene in India; tribes, concept of races, Principles of social grouping, stages of tribal economy education, cultural tradition, customs, ethos and participation in Forestry programmes.and in integrated land(iii)nutrientpest-floraof
Classification, factos affecting soil formation; physical and Soil Conservation - definision, causes for erosion; types-wind and water management of eroded soils/areas, wind breaks, shelter belts; sand dunes; reclamation soils, water logged and other waste lands. Role of forests in conserving soils. Maintanance soil organic matter, provision of loppings for green leaf manuring; forest leaf litter and composting; micro-organisms in ameliorating soils; N and C clyhcles, VAM. Watershed
Management - Concepts watershed; role of mini-forests and forest trees in overall resource management, forest hydrology, watershed development in respect of torrent control, river channel stabilization, avalanche and landslide controls, rehabilitation of degraded areas; hilly and mountain areas; watershed management and environmental functions of forests; water-harvesting and conservation; ground water recharge and watershed management; role of integrating forest trees, horticultural crops, grass and fodders.
Environment: Components and importance, principles of conservation, impact of deforestation; forest fires and various human activities like mining, construction and development projects, population growth on environment.
Population: Types, Global worming, green house effects, ozone layer depletion, acid rain, impact and control measures, environmental monitoring; concept of sustainable development. Role of trees and forests in environmental conservation; control and prevention of air, water and noise population. Environmental policy and legislation in India. Environmental Impact Assessment, Economics assessment of watershed development vis-á-vis ecological and environmental protection.
General concept of tree improvement, methods and techniques, variation and its use, provenance, seed source, exotics; quantitative aspects of forest tree improvement, seed production and seed orchards, progeny tests, use of tree improvement in natural, forest and stand improvement, genetic testing programming, selection and breeding for resistance to diseases, insects, and adverse environment; the genetics base, forest genetic resources and gene conservation in situ and ex-situ. Cost benefit ratio, economic evaluation.
PAPER II
PART A
(ii) strategic planning, (iii) Approval, sanction and expenditure. (iv) Monitoring (v) Reporting and governance. Details of steps involved such as formation of Village
Forest Committees, Joint Forest Participatory Management.
Methods of measuring-diameter, girth, height and volume of trees; form-factor; volume estimation of stand, current annual increment; mean annual increment, Sampling methods and sample plots. Yield calculation; yield and stand tables, forest cover monitoring through remote sensing; Geographic Information Systems for management and modeling.
PART B
Forest Ecology : Biotic and abiotic components, forest eco-systems; forest community concepts; vegetation concepts, ecological succession and climax, primary productivity, nutrient cycling and water relations; physiology in stress environments (drought, water logging salinity and alkalinity). Forest types in India, identification of species, composition and associations; dendrology, taxonomic classification, principles and establishment of herbaria and arboreta. Conservation of forest ecosystems. Clonal parks. Role of Ethnobotany in India Systems of Medicine; Ayurveda and Unani –
Introduction, nomenclature, habitat, distribution and botanical features of medicinal and aromatic plants. Factors affecting and toxicity of drug plants and their chemical constituents.
India and future expansion plants. Pulp- paper and rayon; present position of supply of raw material to industry, wood substitution, utilization of plantation wood; problems and possibilities. Anatomical structure of wood, defects and abnormalities of wood, timber identification- general principles.
General forest protection against fire, equipment and methods, controlled use of fire, economic and environmental cost; timber salvage operations after natural disasters.
Role of afforestation and forest regeneration in absorption of CO2. Rotational and controlled grazing, different methods of control against grazing and browsing animals; effect of wild animals on forest regeneration, human impacts; encroachment, poaching, grazing, live fencing, theft, shifting cultivation and control.
Forest economics: Fundamental principles, cost-benefit analyses; estimation of demand and supply; analysis of trends in the national and international market and changes in production and consumption patterns; assessment and projection of market structures; role of private sectors and co-operatives; role of corporate financing. Socio-economic analysis of forest productivity and attitudes; evaluation of forest goods and service.
Legislation – History of forest development; Indian Forest Policy of 1894, 1952 and
People’s involvement, Joint Forest Management, Involvement of women;
Forestry policies and issues related to land use, timber and non-timber products, sustainable forest management; industrialization policies; institutional and structural changes. Decentralization and Forestry Public Administration, Forest laws, necessity; general principles, Indian Forest Act 1927; Forest Conservation Act, 1980; Wildlife Protection Act 1972 and their amendments; Application of Indian Penal Code of Forestry, Scope and objectives of Forest Inventory.