10th February 2023 Current Affairs – The Day’s Top News | GKSERIES
Current Affairs is the most important area in all competitive exams. But the difficulty level is very high. That’s why; many aspirants get confused, how to select Current Affairs for Preparation of Competitive Examination? In this Post, Daily Current Affairs 10 February 2023, we have tried to cover each and every point and also included all important facts from National/ International news that are useful for upcoming competitive examinations such as UPSC, SSC, Railway, State Govt. etc.
So, here is the Top News of the Day for 10th February 2023 to help you prepare the Latest Current Affairs part. After reading this section, you can successfully attempt Current Affairs Quiz.
Current Affairs for Competitive Exam – 10 February 2023
Indian Golfer Aditi Ashok Won Kenya Ladies Open Title 2023
Indian Golfer Aditi Ashok Won Kenya Ladies Open Title 2023: Indian Olympian Aditi Ashok won the 2023 Magical Kenya Ladies Open Title with a final-round score of 74. This is the fourth Ladies’ European championship of Aditi Ashok overall. Her first LET victory follows her victory at the 2017 Fatima Bint Mubarak Ladies Open in Abu Dhabi. After shooting a final round of 67-70-69-74 at the Vipingo Ridges, she finished with a score of 12-under 280.
February 2023 Current Affairs Quiz
Indian Golfer Aditi Ashok Won Kenya Ladies Open Title 2023- Key Points
- The golf player, Aditi Ashok, played one of the most dominant matches of her career.
- She was competing in her first event in over two months, took a three-shot lead in the first round, increased it to five after two rounds, and increased it to six after the third.
- At the end of every round, Aditi kept adding the points on the table that showed a clear lead at the end of the final round.
About Aditi Ashok
Aditi Ashok is a Bengaluru-born professional golfer in India. She played the Ladies European Tour and LPGA Tour. She made her Olympics Games Debut at the 2016 Summer Olympics. She qualified for the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo representing India in golf and finished in 4th position.
Aditi Ashok was born in Bengaluru to Ashok Gudlamani and Maheshwari. She completed her schooling at The Frank Anthony Public School and Graduated in 2016. She started playing golf at the age of 5. Her father Ashok was her caddie in the 2016 Olympics, while her mother Maheshwari Ashok was her caddie for the Tokyo 2020 Olympics.
IPL 2023 Schedule, Teams and Expected Dates
IPL 2023 Schedule: The Indian Premier League Schedule 2023 will be announced soon and it is expected to be organized from April to June 2023. According to the sources and assumptions, the IPL 2023 schedule will begin on April 1, 2023. However, there is no confirmation officially hu the Board of Control for Cricket in India.
This year, IPL 2023 will feature ten teams, and an auction for the players was done in December last year for the teams to acquire players.
February 2023 Current Affairs Quiz
IPL 2023 Overview
| Organization | Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) |
| Tournament | Indian Premier League |
| Number of Teams | 10 |
| Edition | 16th |
| Start Date | April 2023 (Tentative) |
| Previous Year Winner | Gujarat Titans |
IPL 2023 Team List
In the Indian Premier League 2023, ten teams will be a part of this year. The defending champions from the previous edition Gujarat Titans will also be a part of IPL 2023.
- Chennai Super Kings (CSK)
- Mumbai Indians (MI)
- Kolkata Knight Riders (KKR)
- Sunrisers Hyderabad (SRH)
- Royal Challengers Bangalore (RCB)
- Gujarat Titans (GT)
- Rajasthan Royals (RR)
- Punjab Kings (PBKS)
- Delhi Capitals (DC)
- Lucknow Super Giants (LSG)
IPL 2023 live streaming
- CSK vs KKR 25-Mar-23 7:30 PM
- DC vs MI 26-Mar-23 3:30 PM
- PBKS vs RCB 26-Mar-23 7:30 PM
- GT vs LSG 27-Mar-23 7:30 PM
- SRH vs RR 28-Mar-23 7:30 PM
- RCB vs KKR 29-Mar-23 7:30 PM
- LSG vs CSK 30-Mar-23 7:30 PM
- KKR vs PBKS 31-Mar-23 7:30 PM
- MI vs RR 01-Apr-23 3:30 PM
- GT vs DC 01-Apr-23 7:30 PM
- CSK vs PBKS 02-Apr-23 7:30 PM
- SRH vs LSG 03-Apr-23 7:30 PM
- RR vs RCB 04-Apr-23 7:30 PM
- KKR vs MI 05-Apr-23 7:30 PM
- LSG vs DC 06-Apr-23 7:30 PM
- PBKS vs GT 07-Apr-23 7:30 PM
- CSK vs SRH 08-Apr-23 3:30 PM
- RCB vs MI 08-Apr-23 7:30 PM
- KKR vs DC 09-Apr-23 3:30 PM
- RR vs LSG 09-Apr-23 7:30 PM
- SRH vs GT 10-Apr-23 7:30 PM
- CSK vs RCB 11-Apr-23 7:30 PM
- MI vs PBKS 12-Apr-23 7:30 PM
- RR vs GT 13-Apr-23 7:30 PM
- SRH vs KKR 14-Apr-23 7:30 PM
- MI vs LSG 15-Apr-23 3:30 PM
- DC vs RCB 15-Apr-23 7:30 PM
- PBKS vs SRH 16-Apr-23 3:30 PM
- GT vs CSK 16-Apr-23 7:30 PM
- RR vs KKR 17-Apr-23 7:30 PM
- LSG vs RCB 18-Apr-23 7:30 PM
- DC vs PBKS 19-Apr-23 7:30 PM
- MI vs CSK 20-Apr-23 7:30 PM
- DC vs RR 21-Apr-23 7:30 PM
- KKR vs GJ 22-Apr-23 3:30 PM
- RCB vs SRH 22-Apr-23 7:30 PM
- LSG vs MI 23-Apr-23 7:30 PM
- PBKS vs CSK 24-Apr-23 7:30 PM
- RCB vs RR 25-Apr-23 7:30 PM
- GT vs SRH 26-Apr-23 7:30 PM
- DC vs KKR 27-Apr-23 7:30 PM
- PBKS vs LSG 28-Apr-23 7:30 PM
- GT vs RCB 29-Apr-23 3:30 PM
- RR vs MI 29-Apr-23 7:30 PM
- DC vs LSG 30-Apr-23 3:30 PM
- SRH vs CSK 30-Apr-23 7:30 PM
- KKR vs RR 01-May-23 7:30 PM
- GT vs PBKS 02-May-23 7:30 PM
- RCB vs CSK 03-May-23 7:30 PM
- DC vs SRH 04-May-23 7:30 PM
- GT vs MI 05-May-23 7:30 PM
- PBKS vs RR 06-May-23 3:30 PM
- LSG vs KKR 06-May-23 3:30 PM
- SRH vs RCB 07-May-23 3:30 PM
- CSK vs DC 07-May-23 7:30:PM
- MI vs KKR 08-May-23 7:30 PM
- LSG vs GT 09-May-23 7:30
- RR vs DC 10-May-23 7:30 PM
- CSK vs MI 11-May-23 7:30 PM
- RCB vs PBKS 12-May-23 7:30 PM
- KKR vs SRH 13-May-23 7:30 PM
- CSK vs GT 14-May-23 3:30 PM
- LSG vs RR 14-May-23 7:30 PM
- PBKS vs DC 15-May-23 7:30 PM
- MI vs SRH 16-May-23 7:30 PM
- KKR vs LSG 17-May-23 7:30 PM
- RCB vs GT 18-May-23 7:30 PM
- RR vs CSK 19-May-23 7:30 PM
- MI vs DC 20-May-23 7:30 PM
- SRH vs PBKS 21-May-23 7:30 PM
- QUALIFIER 1 TBD 7:30 PM
- ELIMINATOR TBD 7:30 PM
- QUALIFIER 2 TBD 7:30 PM
- FINAL 28-May-23 7:30
Indian Premier League 2023 Expected Dates
The Indian Premier League 2023 auction took place in December 2022 and all the franchises have set up their Squads for the mega tournament. The IPL 2023 Schedule is yet to be confirmed by the BCCI. It is expected to start from April first week or March last year.
Skye Air Launched India’s First Traffic Management System for Drones
Skye Air Launched India’s First Traffic Management System for Drones: Union Minister for Road Transport and Highways Nitin Gadkari unveiled Skye UTM, which is the most cutting-edge unmanned traffic management system in the world, it can handle 96,000 flights daily and 4,000 flights per hour. Skye UTM is a Cloud-based aerial traffic management system that integrates unmanned air traffic with manned aviation airspace.
February 2023 Current Affairs Quiz
Skye Air Launched India’s First Traffic Management System for Drones- Key Points
- Skye UTM was developed to offer situational awareness, autonomous navigation, risk assessment, and traffic management to all aerial mobility operators throughout the area. Emphasizing new technologies in the construction, infra, and highway sector, Union Minister Nitin Gadkari informed that it is the right time for Indian drone startups to lead the industry.
- These drones are going to be used across sectors including construction, agriculture, healthcare, defense, infrastructure, surveying, real estate, and transport.
- Drone companies will even monitor highways and road construction. There is a lot of research happening that will certainly help scale its usage.
- The Ministry will soon invite participation from drone startups to be deployed for real-time monitoring and speed up highway constructions, and also keep a check on fatal road accidents.
- According to Ankit Kumar, CEO of Skye Air, the requirement for situational awareness has become a necessity for drone pilots, regulators, and controllers who need real-time information about the drones in the sky.
- More than 300 successful BVLOS (Beyond Visual Line of Sight) drone flights have been facilitated by Skye UTM so far.
- The Skye UTM captures more than 255 parameters of UAV movements and stores them in its ‘Blackbox’ which is a published systematic description of the entire flight.
- The platform offers the first 3D view of the drone airspace, along with operations and regulations mapping servers which offer the latest airspace status, and verified paths, and display real-time UAV movements.
UNESCO To Declare the World’s First Living Heritage University
Visva-Bharati University: Rabindranath established Visva-Bharati University in 1921. The UNESCO “heritage” tag will shortly be applied to it. It will be able to become the first university of living heritage. Bidyut Chakraborty, Vice-Chancellor of Visva-Bharati University, stated that the university would be designated a heritage university.
February 2023 Current Affairs Quiz
According to UNESCO, Visva-Bharati was established in 1922 as a Center for Culture with an emphasis on the exploration of the arts, language, humanities, and music. These are reflected in various institutes that still offer educational programmes that include Hindi studies, Sino-Asian studies, the humanities, fine arts, and music, among other subjects.
About the Visva-Bharati University
The university covers 1,130 acres and was named after Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore. Visva-Bharati Society registered it as an organization in May 1922. According to reports, some of the Nobel Laureates’ property, including land, and a bungalow, were donated to the society. It was a college from Independence. In 1951, the Central University status was granted to the institution by a central Act.
Its first vice-chancellor was Rathindranath Tagore, the son of Rabindranath Tagore, and the second vice-chancellor was grandfather of another Nobel Laureate economist Amartya Sen. This news comes 11 years after the Union Culture Ministry successfully applied to have Santiniketan designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site (“Visva Bharati”) and won recognition for Tagore’s Cultural Ark on the occasion of his 150th birthday.
What is UNESCO?
UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) is a specialised agency of the United Nations that promotes cooperation among nations through education, science, culture, and communication.
ISRO’s new rocket SSLV-D2 launched from Satish Dhawan space centre at Sriharikota
ISRO’s new rocket SSLV-D2 launched from Satish Dhawan space centre at Sriharikota: The second edition of the Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV-D2) was successfully launched by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) from the Satish Dhawan Space Center’s first launch pad in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.
The new rocket will attempt to put three satellites:
ISRO’s EOS-07, US-based firm Antaris’ Janus-1, and Chennai-based space startup SpaceKidz’s AzaadiSAT-2 – into a 450 km circular orbit during its 15-minute flight, the ISRO said.
February 2023 Current Affairs Quiz
Key things to know about SSLV-D2 and its launch:
1. According to ISRO, the SSLV caters to the launch of up to 500 kg satellites to low earth orbits on a ‘launch-on-demand’ basis. The rocket offers low-cost access to space, has a quick turnaround, is flexible to carrying several satellites, and requires little in the way of launch infrastructure.
2. The SSLV is a 34 m tall, 2 m diameter vehicle having a lift-off mass of 120 tonnes.
3. The rocket is configured with three solid propulsion stages and a velocity terminal module.
About The 1st flight of SSLV:
The first test flight of SSLV ended in partial failure on August 9 last year after the upper stage of the launch vehicle injected the satellite into a highly elliptical unstable orbit due to a shortfall in velocity. According to ISRO, the study into the incident also showed that there was a brief vibration disturbance on the Equipment Bay (EB) deck during the second stage separation.
All the 3 Rockets of ISRO:
With the new rocket in its portfolio, ISRO will have three rockets — Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and its variants (cost about Rs 200 crore), Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV-MkII cost about Rs 272 crore and LVM3 Rs 434 crore) and SSLV (Development cost of three rockets about Rs 56 crore each) and production cost may go down later.
About SSLV:
SSLV was designed for smaller satellites. These launch vehicles were designed to carry 500 kg of payload. The main objective was to reduce the burden of PSLV.
Pakistani PM approves IMF deal, Geo reports, without giving details
Pakistani PM approves IMF deal, Geo reports, without giving details: Pakistan’s Prime Minister Shahbaz Sharif has approved a deal with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and all matters over the bailout programme are settled, citing sources. Cash-strapped Pakistan was scheduled to end its discussions with the IMF in an effort to release frozen cash from a $6.5 billion bailout to prevent an economic meltdown.
February 2023 Current Affairs Quiz
The Timeline of Pak-IMF Deal:
Earlier, an AFP report said Pakistan’s government remained locked in crunch talks with the IMF over the release of a crucial financial bailout on the last scheduled day of the global lender’s visit to the country. Recently, a group from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) arrived in Islamabad to discuss the difficult circumstances that Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif described as “beyond imagination.”
The IMF is clearly asking for much more than what the government is willing to do, even with a little bit of arm twisting, said economic analyst Abid Hasan, a former adviser to the World Bank.
Finance Minister Ishaq Dar told reporters that “a final round of talks is going on”.
The IMF wants a boost to the pitifully low tax base, an end to tax exemptions for the export sector, and further hikes to artificially low petrol, electricity and gas prices meant to help low-income families. It is also pushing for Pakistan to keep a sustainable amount of US dollars in the bank through guarantees of further support from friendly nations Saudi Arabia, China and the UAE, as well as the World Bank. With the IMF, Pakistan had drafted a $6.5 billion loan package, of which roughly half has been paid thus far.
Pak-IMF Deal: Asking for much more
As a part of a $6.5 billion package agreed upon in 2019, the government secured a loan in the amount of $1.1 billion in August. But it has been halted multiple times because of Islamabad’s failure to meet loan conditions and disagreements over spending plans after the floods.
Pakistan’s Economic Crisis:
Pakistan’s economy is in dire straits, stricken by a balance of payments crisis as it attempts to service high levels of external debt amid political chaos and deteriorating security. Fresh data from the central bank showed that its foreign exchange reserves had fallen by $170 million in only one week, to barely $2.9 billion.
Years of financial mismanagement and political instability have damaged Pakistan’s economy — damage exacerbated by a global energy crisis and devastating floods that submerged a third of the country. The government loosened controls on the rupee to rein in a rampant black market in US dollars — a step that caused the currency to plunge to a record low — and hiked petrol prices by 16 per cent.
Struggling industries are battling for the government to unblock imports, with thousands of shipping containers held up at Karachi port. The steel industry has warned the government that unless scrap metal imports are restarted, there will be a cascading effect on employment.
The benchmark stock index rose 1.8% at close, up for a fourth day, while the rupee strengthened 1% to 270.51 per dollar. Its dollar bonds also gained with notes due in 2024 indicated 4.5 cents higher, to trade at 59.6 cents on the dollar, the biggest jump in about two month.
Elon Musk’s SpaceX Prepping pivotal engine test for Starship
Elon Musk’s SpaceX Prepping pivotal engine test for Starship: Elon Musk’s SpaceX Prepping pivotal engine test: SpaceX intends to fire up all 33 of its engines before launching its massive Starship launch system into orbit for the first time. In the company’s mission to the moon and Mars, this is an important step. Gwynne Shotwell, president and chief operating officer, announced Wednesday (8 February 2023) at an industry conference that the so-called static fire is slated.
February 2023 Current Affairs Quiz
SpaceX Preppi pivotal engine test: Key Points
- The business, formerly known as Space Exploration Technologies Corp., fueled the rocket and booster with propellant in a “wet dress rehearsal” roughly two weeks before the announcement.”
- SpaceX’s next-generation launch vehicle, the Starship, can carry both people and cargo into deep space.
- During a speech at a business conference in Washington that the Federal Aviation Administration was a co-sponsor of, Shotwell made the remarks.
- Shotwell also spoke about the need to support the Ukrainian military effort within reasonable bounds utilising its Starlink satellite technology.
Dept of Integrative Medicine Inaugurated at Safdarjung Hospital by Union Health Minister
Dept of Integrative Medicine Inaugurated at Safdarjung Hospital by Union Health Minister: Sarbananda Sonowal, the Union Minister for Ayush, and Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya, the Union Minister for Health and Family Welfare, jointly opened the Integrative Medicine Center at Safdarjung Hospital. Minister of State for Health, Dr. Bharati Pravin Pawar, and Minister of State for Ayush, Dr. Munjapara Mahendrabhai Kalubhai, and Secretary Ayush, Vaidya Rajesh Kotecha were also present on the occasion.
Sarbananda Sonowal stated at the opening ceremony that Prime Minister Narendra Modi has committed both the Ministries of Ayush and Health and Family Welfare to advancing the integrated approach.
Dept of Integrative Medicine Inaugurated at Safdarjung Hospital by Union Health Minister- Key Points
All India Institute of Ayurveda, New Delhi signed MoU with All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi which is also on the same lines as Safdarjung Hospital. According to Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya, the central government is attempting to establish a distinct department for integrative medicine.
It is an approach that combines conventional medicine with traditional treatments, in all medical colleges and hospitals. The government has established 1,50,000 health and wellness centers across platforms that promote meditation, yoga, and all aspects and activities. Both ministries are working on having a separate department for integrative medicine in all AIIMS and have arrangements for research.
RBI announces pilot for QR code-based Coin Vending Machine
RBI announces pilot for QR code-based Coin Vending Machine: The governor of the RBI, Shaktikanta Das, indicated that a pilot programme to introduce coin-operated vending machines that employ QR codes will start soon. In response to the outcome of the monetary policy for the year 2023, the Central Bank Governor announced that the RBI will introduce a coin vending machine that uses a QR code to improve accessibility to coins.
February 2023 Current Affairs Quiz
More About The QR code-based Coin Vending Machine:
The pilot project will first be implemented at 19 locations in 12 cities across the country. These vending machines are intended to be installed at public places such as railway stations, shopping malls, marketplaces to enhance ease and accessibility. Based on the learnings from the pilot tests, guidelines would be issued to banks to promote better distribution of coins using QCVMs.
Need of The QR code-based Coin Vending Machine:
These vending machines will dispense coins against a debit to the customer’s account using UPI instead of physical tendering of banknotes. This will make coins more easily accessible. This will be beneficial, especially for places in tiers two and higher where there are fewer banks. According to the RBI document, the QR Code-Based Vending Machine will do away with the necessity for actual tendering of banknotes and their authentication. This is in contrast to traditional cash-based coin vending machines. Customers will also be able to withdraw coins from QCVMs in the necessary quantities and denominations.
National Deworming Day 2023
National Deworming Day 2023: It is marked on February 10 to increase awareness of the value of deworming, particularly for young children between the ages of 1 and 19. The purpose behind celebrating the day is to reduce the prevalence of Soil-Transmitted Helminths (STH), commonly known as parasitic intestinal worms, among all children and adolescents.
February 2023 Current Affairs Quiz
National Deworming Day (NDD), which was introduced in 2015, is one of the biggest public health initiatives ever carried out on a single day. Through its two NDD rounds each year, it reaches millions of children and adolescents. The day is an initiative of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India to make every child in the country worm-free. To “enhance their general health, nutritional condition, access to education, and quality of life,” deworming is done through the channels of schools and Anganwadi centres.As per World Health Organisation (WHO), about 24% population across the world is infected with soil-transmitted helminths worms. In India, around 241 million children of age groups 1 and 14 years are at risk of parasitic intestinal worms which are known as soil-transmitted helminths.
What are the symptoms?
- Abdominal pain
- Diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting
- Gas/bloating
- Fatigue
- Unexplained weight loss
- Abdominal pain or tenderness
Valentine Week Days 2023
Valentine Week Days 2023: February, the month of love is on the calendar. The sky seems pink because of all the grand gestures in a row by the people in love. While the main Valentine’s Day is celebrated on the 14th of February, the additional occasions start from the 7th of February and go on till the 14th of February.
Valentine’s Day 2023 Overview
| Occasion | Valentine’s Day |
| Date | 14th February |
| Day | Tuesday |
| Valentine’s Week | 7th February to 14th February |
| Origin | Ancient Rome |
| Significance | To spread Love and Harmony |
Why is Valentine’s Day celebrated?
The most well-known Valentine’s Day story is that of Saint Valentine of Rome. It is believed that he was put in prison for officiating at a wedding for soldiers who were not allowed to wed. He gave these couples flowers from his garden, which is probably why flowers are so significant on this day.
He was put to death on February 14th, 269 AD, as a result of the emperor’s displeasure. Since then, Valentine’s Day has come to symbolize love and romance as well as the anniversary of Saint Valentine’s passing. However, the holiday is observed for the entire week rather than just one day. Valentine’s Week is a time for joy and love, from hugs and kisses to promises.
February 2023 Current Affairs Quiz
Valentine Week 2023 Full List
Finally, the week that represents love, feelings, and emotions is approaching. If you’re unsure of all the upcoming events, we’ve compiled a list of them all for you in the Valentine’s Week calendar. Let’s look at them now.
| Valentine’s Dates | Valentine’s Week Days |
| 7th February 2023 | Rose Day |
| 8th February 2023 | Propose Day |
| 9th February 2023 | Chocolate Day |
| 10th February 2023 | Teddy Day |
| 11th February 2023 | Promise Day |
| 12th February 2023 | Hug Day |
| 13th February 2023 | Kiss Day |
| 14th February 2023 | Valentine’s Day |
World Pulses Day 2023 is Observed On 10 February
World Pulses Day 2023: On February 10 each year, World Pulses Day is observed with the goal of raising public awareness of the nutritional and environmental advantages of pulses as a component of sustainable food production. In 2019, the UN General Assembly dedicated a day to Pulses to increase awareness and access to pulses globally. Pulses, sometimes referred to as legumes, are grown in practically every country and are regarded as global foods.
February 2023 Current Affairs Quiz
World Pulses Day 2023: Theme
The event in 2023 will have the subject “Pulses for a Sustainable Future.” This year’s celebration will highlight the contribution of pulses towards improving soil productivity, increasing the resilience of farming systems, providing a better life for farmers in water-scarce environments, and more. Since pulses have a low water footprint and can better tolerate drought and climate-related disasters, they are imperative to sustainable food production.
World Pulses Day 2023: Significance
Pulses hold significant importance for farmers as a crop because they can both sell and consume them. Pulses are also easy to grow and require less water to flourish. They can better tolerate drought and climate-related disasters, providing security and economic stability to the farmers. The nitrogen-fixing properties of pulses improve soil fertility and increase the productivity of the farmland. Thus, it is crucial to celebrate World Pulses Day in order to raise awareness of the value of pulses and the widespread use of them.
World Pulses Day: History
The UN General Assembly recognised the value of pulses in 2013 and adopted the year 2016 as the International Year of Pulses (IYP). The Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the UN increased public awareness of the nourishing and environmental benefits of pulses. As the International Year of Pulses concluded, Burkina Faso, a landlocked country in West Africa, proposed the observance of World Pulses Day. Finally, in 2019, the UN General Assembly dedicated February 10 as World Pulses Day.
Important takeaways for all competitive exams:
- Food and Agriculture Organization Head: Qu Dongyu;
- Food and Agriculture Organization Headquarters: Rome, Italy;
- Food and Agriculture Organization Established: 16 October 1945