Q. The reign of the Kushana monarch Kanishka was a turning point in the history of Buddhism, because:
(a) It witnessed the rise of Mahayanism
(b) Buddhism was introduced in China and Central Asia in his time
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) The images of Buddha and Bodhisattvas began to be carved out during this period
Ans: (c) Both (a) and (b)
Explanation: The correct answer is (c) Both (a) and (b).
The reign of the Kushana monarch Kanishka was indeed a significant turning point in the history of Buddhism for both reasons mentioned. Here’s an explanation for each option:
(a) It witnessed the rise of Mahayanism: During Kanishka’s reign, Mahayana Buddhism emerged and gained prominence. Mahayana Buddhism is a major branch of Buddhism that emphasizes the concept of compassion and the ideal of the bodhisattva, an enlightened being who seeks to help others attain enlightenment. Mahayana texts, such as the Prajnaparamita Sutras and the Lotus Sutra, were composed during this period, presenting new philosophical ideas and practices. Kanishka himself was believed to have been a patron of Mahayana Buddhism.
(b) Buddhism was introduced in China and Central Asia in his time: Kanishka’s empire extended into Central Asia, facilitating the spread of Buddhism beyond the Indian subcontinent. Buddhist missionaries, such as Lokaksema, were sent to Central Asia, China, and other regions during this period, leading to the introduction and establishment of Buddhism in those areas. This played a crucial role in the later development and influence of Buddhism in East Asia.
Therefore, the reign of Kanishka under the Kushana Empire was a significant turning point in Buddhism, witnessing the rise of Mahayana Buddhism and the spread of Buddhism to China and Central Asia.
