Q. Which one of the following powers was the first to establish trade links with India?
(a) English
(b) Dutch
(c) Portuguese
(d) French
Ans: (c) Portuguese
Explanation: The correct option is (c) Portuguese.
The Portuguese were the first European power to establish trade links with India. In the late 15th century, under the leadership of explorers such as Vasco da Gama, the Portuguese embarked on maritime expeditions to find a direct sea route to India. In 1498, Vasco da Gama successfully reached the Indian subcontinent, opening up a direct trade route between Europe and India. The Portuguese established several trading posts and forts along the Indian coastline, including in places like Calicut, Goa, and Diu, and monopolized the spice trade for a considerable period. Their arrival marked the beginning of European involvement and influence in the Indian subcontinent.
