UPSC Notes
The Indian Desert – Structure and Physiography of India

The Great Indian Desert is a part of the greater Thar Desert, which spans through India into Pakistan. This vast desert encompasses the western states of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab, and Delhi.  It is because of these characteristic features that this is also known as Marusthali. ...

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The Northern Plains – Structure and Physiography of India

Alluvial plains are large depositions of sediment by river systems in flood basins. They are found in great numbers all over the world within the boundaries of the river water shed. Alluvial plains are formed in several ways, i.e. by flooding, prolonged weathering, ground water sapping etc. The ...

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The North And North-Eastern Mountains

The North and North-eastern Mountains consist of the Himalayas and the North-eastern hills. The Himalayas consist of a series of parallel mountain ranges. They contain the highest peaks on earth. Some of the important ranges are the Greater Himalayan range, which includes the Great Himalayas ...

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Physiography of India

Physiography of India refers to the systematic study of the physical forms and processes that have shaped the landmass into what it is today, from ancient times till now. It involves understanding how its landforms and ecosystems have evolved over geological time, as well as how human activities ...

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Indo-Ganga-Brahmaputra Plain

The third geographical division of India is connected with three of the most important rivers of India, namely Indus, Ganga, and Brahmaputra. This region also includes the river plains formed by these rivers. It forms almost one-half of India. Originally, it was a geo-synclinal depression which ...

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The Himalayas And Other Peninsular Mountains

The Peninsular mountains, on the other hand, form a structural block and tend to be rigid and stable in their geological structure as they are formed by folding rocks on an ancient granite basement. The Himalayas along with other Peninsular mountains are young, weak, and flexible in their ...

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The Peninsular Block – Structure and Physiography of India

This is a purely geomorphological term and does not imply a sharp break in the continuity of Indian territory. The Peninsular Block consists of coastal plains, which are indented with tidal creeks and estuaries, and separate peninsular tracts of the peninsula. Karbi Anglong and the Meghalaya ...

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Structure and Physiography of India

The land of Indians is characterized by great diversity in its physical features. The north has a vast expanse of rugged topography consisting of a series of mountain ranges with varied peaks, beautiful valleys and deep gorges. The North-Western States are hilly along the Himalayas with steep ...

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India and its Neighbours – Physical Environment of India

India shares its borders with five countries namely, in the north with the People’s Republic of China, Nepal, and Bhutan; in the east, with Myanmar (Burma), Bangladesh, and Pakistan; in-the West, with Afghanistan and in the south, with the Indian Ocean. India is also bounded by two seas known ...

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Size of India – Physical Environment of India

The Indian Subcontinent is the southern part of Asian continent and is bordered to the north and northeast by the Tibetan Plateau. The boundary is formed by the Himalayas and the cultivated plains of the Punjab and Rajasthan. Indian subcontinent includes the countries — Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, ...

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Location of India -Geography

India is bounded by the Indian Ocean in the south and the Bay of Bengal in the east. India, extends from Kashmir in the north to Kanniya kumari in the south and Arunachal Pradesh in the east to Gujarat in the west. India’s territorial limit further extends towards the sea upto 12 nautical miles ...

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