Migration, as defined by the United Nations, is a phenomenon that involves the movement of people from one country to another for various reasons. Needs to migrate are mainly related to better employment opportunities, access to healthcare, better education and climate change.
Migrant population refers to the population that moves from their original residency into a new state or territory for more than twelve months or even on a permanent basis.
Obviously, the phenomenon of migration creates social tensions within receiving countries, since some newcomers are looking for jobs, while some are regarded as opportunists who may draw social benefits without contributing anything meaningful.
1. Push factor:
These cause people to leave their place of residence or origin.
People migrate from rural to urban areas mainly due to poverty, high population pressure on the land, lack of basic infrastructural facilities like health care, education, etc.
Natural disasters such as, flood, drought, cyclonic storms, earthquake.
2. Pull factors:
These attract the people from different places.
The rural migrants to urban areas is the better opportunities, availability of regular work and relatively higher wages.
Better opportunities for education, better health facilities and sources of entertainment, etc.