Q. Consider the weights and values of items listed below. Note that there is only one unit of each item.
| Item number | Weight (in Kgs) | Value (in Rupees) |
| 1 | 10 | 60 |
| 2 | 7 | 28 |
| 3 | 4 | 20 |
| 4 | 2 | 24 |
The task is to pick a subset of these items such that their total weight is no more than 11 Kgs and their total value is maximized. Moreover, no item may be split. The total value of items picked by an optimal algorithm is denoted by 𝑉opt. A greedy algorithm sorts the items by their value-to-weight ratios in descending order and packs them greedily, starting from the first item in the ordered list. The total value of items picked by the greedy algorithm is denoted by 𝑉greedy.
The value of 𝑉opt − 𝑉greedy is___________
Ans: 16
Sol:
First we will pick item_4 (Value weight ratio is highest). Second highest is item_1, but cannot be picked because of its weight. Now item_3 shall be picked. item_2 cannot be included because of its weight. Therefore, overall profit by Vgreedy = 20+24 = 44 Hence, Vopt – Vgreedy = 60-44 = 16 So, answer is 16.
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