FEATURES OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS [ PART 3 ]: UPSC Daily Important Topic | 26 May 2023

FEATURES OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS [ PART 3 ]

1. Their scope of operation is limited by Article 31A (saving of laws providing for acquisition of estates, etc.), Article 31B (validation of certain acts and regulations included in the 9th Schedule) and Article 31C (saving of laws giving effect to certain directive principles).

2. Their application to the members of armed forces, para-military forces, police forces, intelligence agencies and analogous services can be restricted or abrogated by the Parliament (Article 33).

3. Their application can be restricted while martial law is in force in any area.

4. Most of them are directly enforceable (self-executory) while a few of them can be enforced on the basis of a law made for giving effect to them. Such a law can be made only by the Parliament.