A group of French volunteers have emerged from a cave after a 40-day study exploring the limits of human adaptability to isolation.
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The 15 participants lived in the Lombrives cave in south-west France with no phones, clocks or sunlight. They slept in tents, made their own electricity, and had no contact with the outside world.
The project aimed to test how people respond to losing their sense of time and space.
During their isolation, the group had to organise tasks without being able to use a measure of time to create deadlines.
Instead, they had to rely on their body clocks and sleep cycles to structure their days.
In the cave, they had few modern comforts at their disposal. For example, volunteers had to generate their own electricity with a pedal bike and draw water from a well 45 m (146 ft) below the earth.