Groundwater – Landform and their Evolution

Percolation is the way in which water moves through solids. Rain seeps into the ground and groundwater flows towards the streams to become surface water or seeps into the underground reservoir, or aquifer.

The water then moves through pores within the rock. This process of groundwater movement is called percolation, and it can be observed in various types of rocks.

The surface water percolates well when the rocks are permeable, thinly bedded and highly jointed and cracked.

Rocks like limestones or dolomites rich in calcium carbonate, the surface water as well as groundwater through the chemical process of solution and precipitation deposition develop varieties of landforms.

Any limestone or dolomitic region showing typical landforms produced by the action of groundwater through the processes of solution and deposition is called Karst topography after the typical topography developed in limestone rocks of Karst region in the Balkans adjacent to Adriatic sea.