IISc-ISRO develop device to conduct microbial experiments in outer space

Researchers at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) and Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) have developed a modular, self-contained device to cultivate microorganisms which could enable scientists to carry out biological experiments even in space.

 In a study published in Acta Astronautica, the team showed how the device can be used to activate and track the growth of a bacterium called Sporosarcina pasteurii over several days, with minimal human involvement. Significance of the study

This understanding of how these microbes behave in extreme environments will provide valuable insights for human space missions like ‘Gaganyaan’ that is set to be launched in 2022.

Background

Scientists have been exploring the use of lab-on-chip platforms, in recent years, which combine several inputs into a single integrated chip to conduct experiments. However, there are other challenges to design such platforms for outer space as compared to the lab.

About the new device

The new device uses a combination of Light Emitting Diode (LED) and photodiode sensor, which track the bacterial growth by measuring optical density or scattering of light. It is similar to spectrophotometers used in the lab. It also comprises of separate compartments for different experiments. Each compartment or ‘cassette’ have chamber where bacteria and nutrient medium can be mixed to kickstart growth.