Q. In the context of emergence of Sufism within Islam, examine the following statements:
- There was an emphasis on love (ishq) of God as the only valid reason for
obeying him - There was an implicit rejection of Paradise as the goal of ethical behavior
- There was an aspiration to annihilate self (fana) through the attainment of
absolute union with God - The public recitation of love-poetry addressed to god or sama in Sufi
assemblies caused disputation with orthodox Islam Select the code for correct
statements
(a) 1
(b) 1& 4
(c) 1,3, & 4
(d) All the above
Ans: (d)