In the context of emergence of Sufism within Islam, examine the following statements

Q. In the context of emergence of Sufism within Islam, examine the
following statements:

1. There was an emphasis on love (ishq) of God as the only valid reason for
   obeying him
2. There was an implicit rejection of Paradise as the goal of ethical behavior
3. There was an aspiration to annihilate self (fana) through the attainment of
   absolute union with God
4. The public recitation of love-poetry addressed to god or sama in Sufi
   assemblies caused disputation with orthodox Islam Select the code for correct
   statements
   (a) 1
   (b) 1 & 4
   (c) 1, 3, & 4
   (d) All the above
   Ans: (d)