Q. In which one of the following sessions was the Indian National Congress split into moderates and extremists?
(a) Nagpur
(b) Allahabad
(c) Surat
(d) Calcutta
Ans: (c) Surat
Explanation: The Indian National Congress was split into moderates and extremists during the (c) Surat session.
The Surat session of the Indian National Congress was held in December 1907. The session was marked by a deep ideological divide between the moderates, led by figures like Gopal Krishna Gokhale, and the extremists, led by Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Lala Lajpat Rai.
The main point of contention between the two factions was the approach to be taken in the struggle for independence. The moderates advocated for a more gradual and constitutional approach, emphasizing dialogue and negotiation with the British government. On the other hand, the extremists favored a more radical and assertive approach, including the use of boycotts, strikes, and civil disobedience.
The differences between the moderates and extremists became irreconcilable during the Surat session, leading to a split in the Indian National Congress. The session was marred by heated debates, walkouts, and clashes between the two factions. As a result, the extremist faction walked out of the session, and the split became official. It’s worth noting that despite the split, the moderates and extremists continued to work towards the common goal of Indian independence, albeit with different strategies and approaches. Over time, the divide between the two factions would gradually lessen, and the Congress would become more united in its fight against British rule.
