Q. Indus valley civilization is an example of
(a) Pre-history
(b) Proto-history
(c) Continuous story
(d) History
Ans: (b) Proto-history
Explanation: The correct answer is (b) Proto-history.
The Indus Valley Civilization, also known as the Harappan Civilization, is considered a prime example of proto-history. Proto-history refers to a period that lies between prehistory and recorded history. During this phase, there is evidence of complex societies and urban settlements, but no written records or historical accounts exist.
The Indus Valley Civilization flourished from around 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE in the region of present-day Pakistan and northwest India. It was characterized by well-planned cities, advanced drainage systems, standardized brick sizes, and a system of writing that remains undeciphered.
Although the Indus Valley Civilization had a sophisticated urban culture, with trade networks and artistic expressions, the absence of deciphered written records makes it difficult to construct a complete historical narrative. The understanding of this civilization is primarily based on archaeological findings and the interpretation of artifacts and structures.
Therefore, the correct answer is option (b) Proto-history.