Q. Initially an associate of Gandhi, he left the Congress, broke off with Gandhi and launched a radical social movement called the ‘Self-Respect Movement’. The reference here is to
(a) Chhatrapati Maharaj
(b) E V R Naicker
(c) P Tyagaraya Chetti
(d) Jyotirao Govindrao Phule
Ans: (b) E V R Naicker
Explanation: The correct answer is indeed (b) E V R Naicker.
E V R Naicker, also known as E. V. Ramasamy or Periyar, was an associate of Mahatma Gandhi during the early years of the Indian National Congress. However, he eventually became disillusioned with Gandhi’s leadership and the Congress’ approach to social issues, particularly relating to the caste system and the rights of lower-caste communities.
In 1925, Naicker broke away from the Congress and founded the Self-Respect Movement, which aimed to uplift and empower the socially and economically disadvantaged sections of society, particularly the Dalits (formerly known as “untouchables”) and other lower-caste communities. The movement advocated for social justice, equality, and the eradication of caste-based discrimination.
Naicker’s Self-Respect Movement played a significant role in Tamil Nadu and had a lasting impact on the state’s socio-political landscape. It challenged orthodox Brahminical practices, promoted gender equality, and advocated for rationalist and atheistic principles. Naicker’s efforts in the Self-Respect Movement have earned him a revered status among social reformers in South India.
