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Soil Formation – Geomorphic Processes

Geography Notes for UPSC

Soil forms continuously, but slowly, from the gradual breakdown of rocks through weathering. Soil can be formed in a number of different ways including chemical or physical means which often take place simultaneously. Weathering can be a physical, chemical or biological process:

The accumulation of material through the action of water, wind and gravity also contributes to soil formation. These processes can be very slow, taking many tens of thousands of years. Five main interacting factors affect the formation of soil:

Interactions between these factors produce an infinite variety of soils across the earth’s surface.

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