Q. Some Buddhist rock-cut caves are called Chaityas, while the others are called Viharas. What is the difference between the two?
(a) Vihara is a place of worship, while Chaitya is the dwelling place of the monks
(b) Chaitya is a place of worship, while Vihara is the dwelling place of the monks
(c) Chaitya is the stupa at the far end of the cave, while Vihara is the hall axial to it
(d) There is no material difference between the two
Ans: (b) Chaitya is a place of worship, while Vihara is the dwelling place of the monks
Explanation: The correct answer is (b) Chaitya is a place of worship, while Vihara is the dwelling place of the monks.
In the context of Buddhist rock-cut caves, Chaityas and Viharas serve different purposes.
1. Chaitya: A Chaitya is a place of worship in Buddhism. It typically consists of a large hall or chamber with a stupa, which is a mound-like structure or shrine symbolizing the presence of the Buddha or an enlightened being. The stupa is usually placed at the far end of the cave and is an important focal point for devotional practices and offerings.
2. Vihara: A Vihara, on the other hand, refers to the dwelling place or monastery for Buddhist monks or nuns. Viharas are residential quarters where the monastic community lives, studies, and practices their spiritual disciplines. Viharas often contain individual cells or rooms for the monks’ personal use, as well as common areas for communal activities such as meditation, teaching, and discussions.
So, while Chaityas are primarily used for religious ceremonies and worship, Viharas serve as the residential and communal spaces for the monastic community.
