The exogenic forces include climatic, erosional and depositional agents which work on the earth's surface. Climatic agencies such as heat, rain and wind which work through seepage and motion of air to dissolve, disintegrate and dislodge the materials. The phenomenon of wearing down of relief ...

The rock cycle is a basic concept in geology that describes transitions through geologic time among the three main rock types: sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous. However, the terms used to identify the three types of rocks and their corresponding processes may be somewhat confusing. So, here ...

A rock is any naturally occurring solid mass of mineral matter. It may be solidified molten magma or sediments, but it most commonly consists of minerals. Rock may be hard or soft and in varied colours. For example, granite is hard, soapstone is soft. Petrology is the science of rocks. Rocks ...

Several non-metallic mineral deposits are covered by this survey, including stone quarries/clay and sand pits; chemical and fertiliser mineral deposits; salt deposits; and deposits of quartz, gypsum, natural gem stones, asphalt and bitumen, peat and other non-metallic minerals other than coal and ...

There are huge amounts of metallic minerals discovered every year. This is because many of the deposits are quite common, including sulfide deposits (pyrite, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, etc.) and oxide deposits (uranium, bauxite). Metallic minerals were formed originally during the ...

The earth crust which is the outer solid shell of the earth belongs to the rocky soils. These soils are composed of inorganic solids, that is compounds that do not depend on the presence of living organisms for existence. Minerals are also inorganic solids but they differ from rocks in their ...

Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic solids with a chemical composition that is fixed. Solids are called minerals when they are in their pure, natural state. Minerals are found in the earth's crust, either in pure or impure form, or they exist in seawater or underground water. Feldspar ...

The Indian plate includes Peninsular India and the Australian continental portions. The subduction zone along the Himalayas forms the northern plate boundary in the form of continent-continent convergence. In the east, it extends through the Rakinyoma Mountains of Myanmar towards the island arc ...

The mobile rock beneath the rigid plates is believed to be moving in a circular manner. This cycle is repeated over and over to generate what scientists call a convection cell or connective flow. Arthur Holmes first considered this idea in the 1930s, which later influenced Harry Hess’ ...

The strips of normal and reverse magnetic field that parallel the mid-oceanic ridges help scientists determine the rates of plate movement. The Arctic Ridge has the slowest rate (less than 2.5 cm/yr), and the East Pacific Rise near Easter Island, in the South Pacific about 3,400 km west of ...