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Transport – Lifelines of National Economy

Geography Notes for UPSC

There are three elements of our environment which can help us in moving products and services from one place to another on the planet. These elements are land, water and air. Movement of products and services from one place to another is helped by moving them through these elements. This is said to be a very important part of logistics system in a business setup. Transportation of goods and services can be done via land transport, water transport and air transport.

1. Roadways

India has one of the largest road networks in the world, aggregating to about 54.7 lakh km. The growing importance of road transport over rail transport is mentioned below:

2. Railways:

Railways are the principal mode of transportation for carrying huge loads and bulky goods for long and short distances in India. Railways have become more important in India’s economy. However, rail transport suffers from certain problems as well, which are mentioned below:

3. Pipelines:

Pipeline network uses pipes, usually underground, to transport and distribute fluids. These are used to transport water, crude oil, petroleum products and natural gas, fertilizer factories and big thermal power plants. Solids can also be transported through a pipeline when converted into slurry. There are 3 important networks of pipeline transportation in the country.

4. Waterways:

Waterways are the cheapest means of transport. They are most suitable for carrying heavy and bulky goods. It is a fuel-efficient and environment-friendly mode of transport.

The National Waterways in India are:

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