□ Strong centre
◇ The division of powers is in favour of the Centre and highly inequitable from the federal angle.
• Firstly, the Union List contains more subjects than the State List.
• Secondly, the more important subjects have been included in the Union List.
• Thirdly, the Centre has overriding authority over the Concurrent List.
• Finally, the residuary powers have also been left with the Centre, while in the US, they are vested in the states.
□ States Not Indestructible
◇ Unlike in other federations, the states in India have no right to territorial integrity. The Parliament can by unilateral action change the area, boundaries or name of any state.
◇ Moreover, it requires only a simple majority and not a special majority.
◇ Hence, the Indian Federation is “an indestructible Union of destructible states”.
□ Single Constitution
◇ The Constitution of India embodies not only the Constitution of the Centre but also those of the states.