Which of the following was the most important factor leading to the gradual decline of the indigo industry in the nineteenth century?

Q. Which of the following was the most important factor leading to the gradual decline of the indigo industry in the nineteenth century?

(a) Withdrawal of British capital

(b) Insurrections and peasant uprisings

(c) Introduction of synthetic dye

(d) Slump in the world market due to general recession after the First World War

Ans: (c) Introduction of synthetic dye

Explanation: The most important factor leading to the gradual decline of the indigo industry in the nineteenth century was (c) Introduction of synthetic dye.

The introduction of synthetic dyes, particularly synthetic indigo, had a significant impact on the indigo industry. Synthetic indigo, which was cheaper and easier to produce than natural indigo, gained popularity in the textile industry. This led to a decline in the demand for natural indigo, which was primarily produced in India.

As the synthetic dye industry expanded and its usage increased, the demand for natural indigo decreased, causing a decline in the indigo industry. The availability of synthetic dyes provided an alternative that was more cost-effective and reliable, leading to a gradual shift away from natural indigo production.

Therefore, the correct answer is (c) Introduction of synthetic dye.