Q. Who founded the sovereign kingdom of Avadh?
(a) Nizam ul Mulk
(b) Saadat Khan Burhan-ul-Mulk
(c) Safdarjung
(d) Quli Qutub Shah
Ans: (b) Saadat Khan Burhan-ul-Mulk
Explanation: The correct answer is (b) Saadat Khan Burhan-ul-Mulk.
Saadat Khan Burhan-ul-Mulk founded the sovereign kingdom of Avadh (also spelled Awadh or Oudh) in India. He was a Persian noble and statesman who served in the Mughal Empire.
Saadat Khan was appointed as the governor of Avadh by the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb in 1722. Over time, he consolidated his power and expanded his influence in the region. In 1724, Saadat Khan declared himself as the independent ruler of Avadh and established a separate kingdom.
Under Saadat Khan and his successors, Avadh became a prosperous and culturally rich state. The capital city of Avadh, Lucknow, developed into a center of art, architecture, and refinement. The kingdom of Avadh lasted until 1856 when it was annexed by the British East India Company under the Doctrine of Lapse.
Therefore, Saadat Khan Burhan-ul-Mulk is credited with founding the sovereign kingdom of Avadh.
