Low conviction rate under “Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act” (UAPA)
What is the news?
Union Home Ministry has informed Rajya Sabha about the cases registered under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act and Sedition (Section-124A) telling that only 2.2 % of cases registered under the Act ended in convictions by the court. Between 2016 and 2019, the total number of the persons arrested and convicted in the country under UAPA were 5,922 and 132 respectively. The NCRB does not maintain this data on the basis of religion, race, caste or gender.
Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967
- The Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967 is primarily an anti-terror law – aimed at more effective prevention of certain unlawful activities of individuals and associations and for dealing with terrorist activities.
- The act was promulgated in 1967 to target secessionist organisations. It is considered to be the predecessor of laws such as the (now repealed) Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act (TADA) and Prevention of Terrorism Act (POTA).
- The Act assigns absolute power to the central government. It can declare an activity as unlawful, by way of an Official Gazette.
- The act has the death penalty and life imprisonment as the highest punishments.
- Under the act, both Indian and foreign nationals can be charged. It will be applicable to the offenders in the same manner, even if the crime is committed on a foreign land, outside India.
- The investigating agency can file a charge sheet in maximum 180 days after the arrests. This duration can be extended further after information to the court.
- The act was amended in 2004. It added “terrorist act” to the list of offences, to ban organisations for terrorist activities. Till 2004, “unlawful” activities referred to actions related to secession and cession of territory. Following the 2004 amendment, “terrorist act” was added to the list of offences.
- The 2019 amendment empowers the Central Government to designate individuals as terrorists on certain grounds. It empowers the Director-General, National Investigation Agency (NIA) to grant approval of seizure or attachment of property when the case is under investigation by the agency.
