Himachal Pradesh Public Service Commission HPAS Syllabus for Mains 2021

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Himachal Pradesh Public Service Commission, known commonly as HPPSC, is a government agency and topmost constitutional body of Government of Himachal Pradesh. Here is a detailed syllabus for HPAS Main Exam Optional Paper Geography.

Optional Paper – Geography

PAPER-I

PRINCIPLES OF GEOGRAPHY

SECTION A- PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY

1. i) Geomorphology: Earth movements- orogenic and eperiogenic (folding and faulting), earthquakes and volcanoes, isostasy, Wegner’s theory of continental drift and plate tectonics. Rocks- origin and composition, weathering, mass wasting, concept of cycle of erosion, interruption in the cycle of erosion. Geomorphic agents and processes: Erosion, transportation and deposition- fluvial, glacial, aeolian, (arid), karst and coastal (marine) landscapes.
2. ii) Climatology: Atmospheric moisture: Humidity, evaporation and condensation; hydrological cycle; types of precipitation, world patterns of rainfall. Air masses and fronts: concept, classification and properties. Atmospheric disturbance: tropical and temperate cyclones; thunderstorms and tornadoes. Climatic classification; Koppen’s classification.

iii) Oceanography: Circulation of oceanic waters: waves, tides and currents; currents of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. Marine deposits and coral reefs; Oceans as storehouse of resources for the future.

1. iv) Environmental Geography: Man-environment interrelations with concept of eco- system.

Utilization of natural resources and environmental hazards. Emerging environmental issues- deforestation, global warning, conservation of bio-diversity.

SECTION B- HUMAN GEOGRAPHY

i) Population Geography: Demographic cycle concepts of over population, under population and optimum population; population problems in developed and developing countries;

Migration- causes, patterns (past and present) and consequence. Number, density, growth and distribution of population, population pressure and resource utilization. Population explosion and food security.

ii) Economic Geography: Distribution and utilization of water, mineral and energy resources; their economic and environmental significance and conservation. Types and distribution of forests and fisheries- their economic and environmental significance and conservation.

Major soil types and their distribution; problems of soil erosion and soil conservation.

Mineral Resources- Iron ore and energy resources- coal and petroleum.

iii) Rural and Urban Settlements: Definition, types and patterns of rural settlements, origin and evolution of urban settlements; functional classification of urban places; trends, patterns and problems of urbanization in the world.

PAPER-II

SECTION A- GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA

1. Physical Settings: India: A land of diversities; unity within diversities;

A detailed study of physiographic divisions of India, drainage systems of India. Soil types of India- their distribution and characteristics; vegetation types and their distribution.

1. ii) Population and Agriculture: Spatial patterns of population distribution and growth; Socioeconomic implications of population explosion. Major Agricultural Crops: Rice, Wheat, Cotton and Tea. Green Revolution and its impact; Problems of Indian Agriculture.

iii) Minerals, Power Resources and Industries: The status of their use and need for conservation. Minerals- Iron ore, Power Resources- Coal, Petroleum and Hydro-power. Spatial patterns of Iron and Steel and Cotton Textile Industries, Industrial regions of India.

iv) Geography of Himachal Pradesh: Geomorphology, Climate, Drainage, Vegetation, Hydropower and Horticulture.

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