Paper‐I
General Sociology/Foundations of Sociology/Fundamentals of Sociology
Sociology as a science and as an interpretative discipline, impact of industrial and French Revolution on the emergence of sociology; sociology and its relationship with history, economics, political science, psychology and anthropology.
3.Techniques of data collection and analysis : Participant and quasi‐participant observation; interview, questionnaire and schedule case study, sampling‐size, reliability and validity, scaling techniques‐social distance and Likert scale.
a) Karl Marx : Historical metarialism, mode of production, alienation and class struggle.
b) Emile Durkhiem : Division of labour, social fact, religion and society.
c) Max Weber : Social action, ideal types, authority, bureaucracy, protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism.
d) Talcott Parsons : Social systems, pattern variables.
e) Robert K. Merton : Latent and manifest functions, anomie, conformity and deviance, reference groups.
Types and forms of marriage, family‐structure and function; personality and socialisation; Social control; family, lineage, descent and property; changing structure of family marriage an sex roles in modern society; divorce and its implications; gender issues; role conflicts.
Concepts‐hierarchy, inequality and stratification; theories of stratification‐Marx, Davis and Moore and
Melvin Tumin’s critique, forms and functions; class‐different conceptions of class; class in itself and class for itself; caste and class; caste as a class.
Types of mobility‐open and closed models; intra and inter‐generational mobility; vertical and horizontal mobility; social mobility and social change.
Sociological dimensions of economic life, the impact of economic processes on the larger society; social aspects of division of labour and types of exchange; features of pre‐industrial and industrial economic system; industrialisation and social change; social determinants of economic development.
The nature of power‐personal power, community power, power of the elite, class power, organizational power, power of the un‐organised masses; authority and legitimacy; pressure groups and political parties; voting behaviour; modes of political participation‐democratic and authoritarian forms.
Education and Culture; equality of educational opportunity; social aspects of mass education; problems of universalisation of primary education; role of community and state intervention in education; education as an instrument of social control and social change; education and modernisation.
Origins of religious beliefs in pre‐modern societies; the sacred and the profane; social functions and dysfunctions of religion; monistic and pluralistic religion; organised and unorganised religions; Semitism and anti‐Semitism; religion sect and cults; magic; religion and science.
Ethos of science; social responsibility of science; social control of science; social consequences of science and technology; technology and social change.
Concepts of social movements; genesis of social movements; idealogy and social movement; social movement and social change; types of social movements.
Continuity and change as fact and as value: theories of social change‐Marx, Parsons and Sorokin; directed social change; social policy and social development.
Paper‐II
Study of Indian Society
Traditional Hindu social organisation; socio‐cultural dynamics through the ages; impact of Buddhism,
Islam, and the West, factors in continuity and change.
Origin of the caste system; cultural and structural views about caste; mobility in caste; caste among
Muslims and Christians; change and persistence of caste in modern India; issues of equality and social justice; view of Gandhi and Ambedkar on caste; caste on and Indian polity; Backward Classes Movement; Mandal Commission Report and issues of social backwardness and social justice; emergence of Dalit consciousness.
Class Structure in India. Agrarian and industrial class structure; emergence of middle class; emergence of classes among tribes; elite formation in India.
Marriage among different ethnic groups, its changing trends and its future; family‐its structural and functional aspects its changing forms; regional variations in kindship systems and its socio‐cultural correlates; impact of legislation and socio‐economic change on marriage and family; generation gap.
Peasant Society and agrarian systems; land tenure systems historical perspectives, social consequences of land reforms and green revolution, feudalism semi feudalism debates; emerging agrarian class structure; agrarian unrest.
Path of industrialisation, occupational diversification, trade unions and human relations; market economy and its social consequences; economic reforms liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation.
Working of the democratic political system in a traditional society; political parties and their social base; social structural origins of political elites and their orientations; regionalism, pluralism and national unity; decentralisation of power; panchayati raj and nagarpalikas and 73rd and 74th constitutional amendments.
Directive Principles of State Policy and primary education; education; educational inequality and change; education and social mobility; the role of community and state intervention in education; universalization of primary education; Total Literacy Campaigns; educational problems of disadvantages groups.
Size, growth and regional distribution of different religious groups; educational levels of different groups; problems of religious minorities; communal tensions; secularism; conversions; religious fundamentalism.
Distinctive features of tribal communities and their geographical spread; problem of tribal communities‐ land alienation, poverty, indebtedness, health and nutrition, education; tribal development efforts after independence; tribal policy isolation, assimilation and integration; issues of tribal identity.
Population size, growth, composition and distribution; components of population growth; birth rate, death rate and migration; determinants and consequences of population growth; issues of age at marriage, sex ratio; infant mortality rate; population policy and family welfare programmes.
Strategy and idealogy of planning; poverty, indebtedness and bonded labour; strategies of rural development‐poverty alleviation programmes; environment, housing, slums, and unemployment, programmes for urban development.
Endogenous and exogenous sources of change and resistance to change; processes of change‐ sanskritisation and modernisation; agents of change‐mass media, education and communication; problems of change and modernisation; structural contradictions and breakdown.
Reform Movements : Arya Samaj, Satya Sadhak Samaj, Sri Narayanguru Dharma Paripalana Sabha, and
Ram Krishna Mission.
Peasant Movements : Kisan Sabha, Telengana, Naxalbari.
Backward Castes Movement : Self‐respect Movement, backward castes mobilisation in North India.
Demographic profile of women; special problems‐dowry, atrocities, discrimination, existing programmes for women and their impact. Situational analysis of children; child welfare programmes.
Prostitution, AIDS, alcoholism, drug addiction, corruption.
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