Odisha Civil Services Examination Syllabus
OPSC Optional Paper - Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science
Paper-I
SECTION – A
1.1. Trends in protein nutrition: sources, protein metabolism and synthesis, protein quantity and quality in relation to requirements. Energy protein ratios in ration.
1.2. Minerals in animal diet : Sources, functions, requirements and their relationship of the basic mineral nutrients including trace elements.
1.3. Vitamins, Hormones and Growth Stimulating, substances : Sources, functions, requirements and inter-relationship with minerals.
1.4. Advances in Ruminant Nutrition - Dairy Cattle: Nutrients and their metabolism with reference to milk production and its composition. Nutrient requirements for calves, heifers, dry and milking cows and buffaloes. Limitations of various feeding systems.
1.5 Advances in Non-Ruminant Nutrition - Poultry : Nutrients and their metabolism with reference to poultry for meat and egg production. Nutrient requirements and feed formulation for layers and broilers at different ages.
1.6 Advances in Non-Ruminant Nutrition - Swine : Nutrients and their metabolism with special reference to growth and quality of meat production. Nutrient requirement and feed formulation for piglets, growing and finishing pigs.
1.7. Advances in Applied Animal Nutrition - A critical review and evaluation of feeding experiments, digestibility and balance studies. Feeding standards and measures of food energy. Nutritional requirements for growth, maintenance and production. Balanced rations.
2.1 Growth and Animal Production :Prenatal and postnatal growth, maturation, growth curves, measures of growth, factors affecting growth, conformation, body composition, meat quality.
2.2 Milk Production and Reproduction : Current status of hormonal control of mammary development, milk secretion and milk ejection. Male and Female reproductive organs, their components and functions. Repeat breeding. Pregnancy diagnosis. Prolapse of reproductive organs. Digestive organs and their functions.
2.3 Environmental Physiology : Physiological relations and their regulation; mechanisms of adaptation, environmental factors and regulatory mechanism involved in animal behaviour. Methods of controlling climatic stress.
2.4 Semen quality : Preservation and Artificial Insemination-Components of semen and spermatozoa, chemical and physical properties of ejaculated semen, factors affecting semen in vivo and in vitro. Factors affecting semen production and quality. Preservation of semen. C omposition of diluents, sperm concentration, transport of diluted semen.
Deep Freezing techniques of semen. Detection of oestrus and time of insemination for better conception.
SECTION-B
3.1 Commercial Dairy Farming - Comparison of dairy farming in India with advanced countries. Dairying under mixed farming and as a specialised farming, economic dairy farming. Starting of a dairy farm. Capital and land requirement, organisation of the dairy farm. Procurement of inputs. O pportunities in dairy farming, factors determining the efficiency of dairy animal, Herd recording, budgeting, cost of milk production; pricing policy; personnel Management. Developing Practical and Economic ration for dairy cattle; supply of greens throughout the year, feeds and fodder requirements of Dairy Farm. Feeding regimes for dry and young stock and bulls, heifers and milch animals, new trends in feeding young and adult stock; Feeding records. Age estimation through dentition.
3.2. Commercial meat, egg and wool production: Development of practical and economic rations for sheep, goats, pigs, rabbits and poultry. Supply of dry and green fodders, feeding regimens for young and mature stock. New trends in management for enhancing production. Capital and land requirements. Socio-economic concept.
3.3. Feeding and management of animals under draught, flood and other natural calamities.
Gene and its structure; DNA as a genetic material; Genetic code and protein synthesis; Recombinant DNA technology, Mutations and types of mutations, methods for detecting mutations and rate of mutation.
4.1 Population Genetics applied to Animal Breeding: Quantitative and qualitative traits, Hardy Weinberg Law; Population Vs. individual; Gene and genotype frequency,
Forces changing gene frequency; Random drift and small populations; Theory of path coefficient; Inbreeding; methods of estimating inbreeding coefficient, systems of inbreeding; Effective population size, Breeding value, estimation of breeding value, dominance and epistatic interactions, partitioning of variation; Genotype a n d environment correlation, genotype x environment interaction; Role of multiple measurements, Resemblance between relatives.
4.2 Breeding Systems : Heritability, repeatability, genetic and phenotypic correlations, their methods of estimation and precision of estimates; Aids to selection and their relative merits; Individual, pedigree, family and within family selection; Progeny testing; methods of selection; construction of selection indices and their uses; comparative evaluation of genetic gains through various selection methods; Indirect selection and correlated response; Inbreeding, upgrading, cross-breeding and synthesis of breeds;
Crossing of inbred lines for commercial production; Selection for general and specific combining ability; open nucleus breeding system, synthetic population.
Paper-II
SECTION – A
1.1. Histology and Histological Techniques : Methods of preparation and processing of tissues for histological examination. Microscopy - Bright field microscope and electron microscope. Cytology - structure of cell, organells and inclusions; cell division-cell types-Tissues and their classification-embryonic and adult tissues. Comparative histology of organs- vascular, nervous, digestive, respiratory, musculo-skeletal and urogenital systems, Endocrine glands, Integuments, sense organs.
1.2. Embryology : Embryology of vertebrates with special reference to aves and domestic mammals-gametogenesis-fertilization-germ layers-foetal membranes and placentation. T ypes of placenta in domestic mammals. Teratology-twin and twinning, organogenesis -germ layer derivatives -endodermal, mesodermal and ectodermal derivatives.
1.3 Bovine Anatomy-Regional Anatomy : Paranasal sinuses of ox-surface anatomy of salivary glands. Regional anatomy of intraorbital, maxillary, mandibuloalveolar, mental and coronal nerve block-Regional anatomy of paravertebral nerves, pudental nerve, median, ulnar and radial nerves-tibial, fibular and digital nerves-Cranial nerves-structures involved in epidural anaesthesia-superficial lymph nodes-surface anatomy of visceral organs of thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities-comparative features of locomotor apparatus and their application in the biomechanics of mammalian body.
1.4 Anatomy of Fowls : Musculo-skeletal system-functional anatomy in relation to respiration and flying, digestion and egg production.
1.5 Physiology of blood and its circulation, respiration, excretion, Endocrine glands in health and disease.
1.5.1 Blood constituents : Properties and functions-blood cell formation-Haemoglobin synthesis and chemistry-plasma protein production, classification and properties; coagulation of blood; Haemorrhagic disorders-anticoagulants-blood groups-Blood volume-Plasma expanders-Buffer systems in blood. Biochemical tests and their significance in disease diagnosis.
1.5.2. Circulation: Physiology of heart, cardiac cycle, heart sounds, heart beat, electrocardiograms, Work and efficiency of heart, effect of ions on heart function, functions of cardiac muscle, nervous and chemical regulation of heart, effect of temperature and stress on heart, blood pressure and hypertension, Osmotic regulation, arterial pulse, vasomotor regulation of circulation, shock. Coronary and pulmonary circulation, Blood-Brain barrier.
1.5.3 Respiration : Mechanism of respiration, Transport and exchange of gases, neural control of respiration, chemoreceptors, hypoxia, respiration in birds.
1.5.4 Excretion: Structure and function of kidney, formation of urine, methods of studying renal function, renal regulation of acid-base balance, physiological constituents of urine, renal failure, passive venous congestion. Urinary excretion in chicken, Sweat glands and their function. Biochemical tests for urinary dysfunction.
1.5.5 Endocrine glands : Functional disorders, their symptoms and diagnosis. Synthesis of hormones, mechanism and control of secretion, hormonal receptors, classification and function.
1.6. General knowledge of pharmacology and therapeutics of drugs : Celluar level of pharmacodynamics and pharmaco-kinetics. Drugs acting on fluids and electrolyte balance. Drugs acting on Autonomic nervous system. Modern concepts of anaesthesia and dissociative anaesthetics. Autocoids. Antimicrobials and principles of chemotherapy in microbial infections. Use of hormones in therapeutics. C hemotherapy of parasitic infections. Drugs and thier residues in the edible tissues of animals. Chemotherapy of neoplastic diseases.
1.7. Veterinary Hygiene with reference to water, air and habitation : Assessment of pollution of water, air and soil. Importance of climate in animal health. Effect of environment on animal function and performance. R elationship between industrialization and animal agriculture. Animal housing requirements for specific categories of domestic animals, viz., pregnant cows, milking cows, broiler birds, and sows-stress, strain & productivity in relation to animal habitation.
2.1 Zoonoses : Classification, definition; role of animals and birds in prevalence and transmission of zoonotic diseases-occupational zoonotic diseases.
2.2. Epidemiology : Principles, definition of epidemiological terms, application of epidemiological measures in the study of diseases and disease control, Epidemiological features of air, water and food borne infections.
2.3 Veterinary Jurisprudence : Rules and Regulations of animal quarantine. Prevention of animal diseases. State Rules for prevention of animal and animal product borne diseases, S.P. C.A., veterolegal cases-certificates-Materials and Methods of collection of samples for veterolegal investigation.
SECTION – B
4.1 Pathogenesis, symptoms, postmortem lesions, diagnosis and control of infectious diseases of cattle, pigs, poultry, horses, sheep and goats.
4.2 Etiology, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment of production diseases of cattle, pig and poultry.
4.3 Deficiency diseases of domestic animals and birds.
4.4 Diagnosis and treatment of nonspecific condition like Impaction, Bloat, Diarrhoea, Indigestion, dehydration, stroke, poisioning.
4.5 Diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders.
4.6 Principles and methods of immunisation of animals against specific diseases-herd immunity-disease free zones-'zero' disease concept-chemoprophylaxis.
4.7 Anaesthesia-local, regional and general-pre-anaesthetic medication, Symptoms and surgical interference in fractures and dislocation, Hernia, choke, abomasal displacementCaesarian operations, Rumenotomy, Castrations. Surgical manipulations of luxation of patella and urinary obstructions.
4.8 Disease investigation techniques- collection of Materials for laboratory investigationEstablishment of Animal Health Centres-Procedure of despatching materials for lab investigation.
5.1 Milk Technology : Organization of rural milk procurement, collection and transport of raw milk. Quality, testing and grading raw milk, Quality storage, Grades of whole milk, Skimmed milk and cream.
Processing, packaging, storing, distributing and marketing of milk. Defects and their control, Nutritive properties of the following types of milk : Pasteurized, standardized, toned, double toned, sterilized, homogenized, reconstituted, recombined and flavoured milk. Preparation of milk cultures and their management, youghurt, Dahi, Lassi and Srikhand. Preparation of flavoured and sterlized milk. Legal standards, Sanitation requirement for clean and safe milk and milk plant equipments.
5.2 Milk Products Technology : Selection of raw materials, assembling, production, processing, storing, distributing and marketing of milk products such as Butter, Ghee, Khoa, Chenna, Cheese; Condensed, evaporated, dried milk and baby food; Ice cream and Kulfi; by products; whey products, butter milk, lactose and casein. Testing, Grading, Judging of milk products-BIS and Agmark specifications, legal standards, quality control and nutritive properties. Packaging, processing and operational costs.
6.1 Meat Hygiene :
6.1.1 Ante-mortem care and management of food animals, stunning, slaughter and dressing operations; abattoir requirements and designs; Meat inspection procedures and judgement of carcass meat cuts-grading of carcass meat cuts-duties and functions of Veterinarians in wholesome meat production.
6.1.2 Hygienic methods of handling meat-spoilage of meat and control measures-Post slaughter physicochemical changes in meat and factors that influence them-Quality improvement methods-Adulteration of meat and detection-Regulatory provisions in Meat trade and Industry.
6.2. Meat Technology
6.2.1 Physical and chemical characteristics of meat-meat emulsions-methods of preservation of meat-curing, canning, irradiation, packaging of meat and meat products;
Meat products and their formulations.
6.3. By-products : Slaughter house by-products and their utilisation-Edible and inedible by-products-social and economic implications of proper utilisation of slaughter house byproducts- Organ products for food and pharmaceuticals.
6.4. Poultry Products Technology : Chemical composition and nutritive value of poultry meat, pre-slaughter care and management. Slaughtering techniques, inspection, preservation of poultry meat and products. Legal and BIS standards. Structure, composition and nutritive value of eggs. Microbial spoilage. Preservation and maintenance. Marketing of poultry meat, eggs and products.
6.5. Rabbit/Fur Animal farming : Care and management of rabbits. Disposal and utilization of fur and wool and recycling of waste by-products.
