Air Pollution in India and green recovery
The word “Air pollution” is referred to as a mixture of solid particles and gases in the air caused by Car emissions, chemicals from factories, dust, pollen and mold spores. Ozone, a gas, is a major part of air pollution in cities. When ozone forms air pollution, it's also called smog. Some air pollutants are poisonous.
Air pollution in India is a serious health issue. India recorded the highest PM2.5 exposure and the most increase in deaths between 2010 and 2019. Air pollution accounts for 20 per cent of newborn deaths worldwide, 24 per cent of these infant deaths occur in India which is the highest. This defies the principles of inter-generational justice.
The State of Global Air that is a collaborative study of Health Effect Institute and Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation of Global Burden of Disease Project has presented that out of the total tally of 6,670,000 particulate matter (PM) 2.5-attributable deaths globally, 980,000 deaths occurred in India which was a 61 per cent increase since 2010. The other silent killer sidling up in India is ozone: the country has recorded an 84 per cent increase in ozone-related deaths since 2010.
Major Effects of air pollution in India
- The most important reason for concern over the worsening air pollution in the country is its effect on the health of individuals.
- Over a million Indians die prematurely every year due to air pollution, according to the non-profit Health Effects Institute.
- Ambient air pollution in India is estimated to cause 670,00 deaths annually and particularly aggravates respiratory and cardiovascular conditions including chronic bronchitis, lung cancer and asthma.
Effect of air pollution on newborns
- The effect of air pollution on infants that shows an estimated 1.8 million deaths worldwide, mostly within 27 days of childbirth. Mothers’ exposure to toxic air leads to pre-term birth and lower birth weight.
- Babies born too small or too early become more vulnerable to lower-respiratory infections, diarrhoeal diseases, brain damage, inflammation, blood disorders and jaundice.
- Inflammation and oxidative stress deeply affect the health of pregnant women and babies as particles and toxic components move across membranes of the lungs and get carried to different parts of the body and affect placental function and the fetus.
- Burning of solid fuels for cooking accounts for 64 per cent of infant deaths while the rest is due to outdoor air pollution. Hence, vulnerability of poorer women increases.
Various steps to be taken for green recovery
- The National Clean Air Programme should improve legally due multi-sector action across regions to clean up all air shelters.
- Deeper sectoral reforms are required to clean up emissions from vehicles, power plants, industries and local sources like construction and waste.
- Effective intervention can lead to verifiable improvement in health outcome as this is evident in the reduction in household pollution exposure from 54 per cent to 36 percent due to improved access to clean fuels in India.
