UGC NET Commerce Syllabus

The UGC NET Commerce Syllabus 2023 is a comprehensive guide to the topics that will be covered in the exam. By understanding the syllabus, candidates can create an effective study plan and start their preparation early. A solid understanding of the syllabus is essential for success in the Commerce papers.

The UGC NET Commerce Syllabus is divided into ten units, each of which covers several topics and sub-topics. The exam is conducted by the National Testing Agency (NTA) for 'Assistant Professor' and 'Junior Research Fellowship' positions in Indian state colleges and universities. Candidates can download the UGC NET Commerce Syllabus PDF from the direct link provided below to ensure they have all the necessary information for exam preparation.

UGC NET Commerce Syllabus

Unit 1: Business Environment and International Business

Unit 2: Accounting and Auditing

Unit 3: Business Economics

Unit 4: Business Finance

Unit 5: Business Statistics and Research Methods

Unit 6: Business Management and Human Resource Management

Unit 7: Banking and Financial Institutions

Unit 8: Marketing Management

Unit 9: Legal Aspects of Business

Unit 10: Income-tax and Corporate Tax Planning

Detailed Syllabus:

Unit 1: Business Environment and International Business

Concepts and elements of business environment: Economic environment- Economic systems, Economic policies(Monetary and fiscal policies); Political environment role of government in business; Legal environment- Consumer Protection Act, FEMA; Socio-cultural factors and their influence on business; Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
Scope and importance of international business; Globalization and its drivers; Modes of entry into international business
Theories of international trade; Government intervention in international trade; Tariff and non-tariff barriers; India’s foreign trade policy
Foreign direct investment (FDI) and Foreign portfolio investment (FPI); Types of FDI, Costs, and benefits of FDI to home and host countries; Trends in FDI; India’s FDI policy Balance of payments (BOP): Importance and components of BOP
Regional Economic Integration: Levels of Regional Economic Integration; Trade creation and diversion effects; Regional Trade Agreements: European Union (EU), ASEAN, SAARC, NAFTA
International Economic Institutions: IMF, World Bank, UNCTAD
World Trade Organisation (WTO): Functions and objectives of WTO; Agriculture Agreement; GATS; TRIPS; TRIMS

Unit 2: Accounting and Auditing

Basic accounting principles; concepts and postulates
Partnership Accounts: Admission, Retirement, Death, Dissolution, and Insolvency of partnership firms
Corporate Accounting: Issue, forfeiture, and reissue of shares; Liquidation of companies; Acquisition, merger, amalgamation, and reconstruction of companies Holding company accounts
Cost and Management Accounting: Marginal costing and Break-even analysis; Standard costing; Budgetary control; Process costing; Activity Based Costing (ABC); Costing for decision-making; Life cycle costing, Target costing, Kaizen costing, and JIT
Financial Statements Analysis: Ratio analysis; Funds flow Analysis; Cash flow analysis Human Resources Accounting; Inflation Accounting; Environmental Accounting
Indian Accounting Standards and IFRS
Auditing: Independent financial audit; Vouching; Verification ad valuation of assets and liabilities; Audit of financial statements and audit report; Cost audit
Recent Trends in Auditing: Management audit; Energy audit; Environment audit; Systems audit; Safety audit

Unit 3: Business Economics

Meaning and scope of business economics
Objectives of business firms
Demand analysis: Law of demand; Elasticity of demand and its measurement; Relationship between AR and MR
Consumer behavior: Utility analysis; Indifference curve analysis
Law of Variable Proportions: Law of Returns to Scale
Theory of cost: Short-run and long-run cost curves
Price determination under different market forms: Perfect competition; Monopolistic competition; Oligopoly- Price leadership model; Monopoly; Price discrimination
Pricing strategies: Price skimming; Price penetration; Peak-load pricing

Unit 4: Business Finance

Scope and sources of finance; Lease financing
Cost of capital and time value of money
Capital structure
Capital budgeting decisions: Conventional and scientific techniques of capital budgeting analysis
Working capital management; Dividend decision: Theories and policies
Risk and return analysis; Asset securitization
International monetary system
Foreign exchange market; Exchange rate risk and hedging techniques
International financial markets and instruments: Euro currency; GDRs; ADRs International arbitrage; Multinational capital budgeting

Unit 5: Business Statistics and Research Methods

Measures of central tendency
Measures of dispersion
Measures of skewness
Correlation and regression of two variables
Probability: Approaches to probability; Bayes’ theorem
Probability distributions: Binomial, Poisson, and normal distributions
Research: Concept and types; Research designs
Data: Collection and classification of data
Sampling and estimation: Concepts; Methods of sampling - probability and nonprobability methods; Sampling distribution; Central limit theorem; Standard error; Statistical estimation
Hypothesis testing: z-test; t-test; ANOVA; Chi-square test; Mann-Whitney test (Utest); Kruskal-Wallis test (H-test); Rank correlation test
Report writing

Unit 6: Business Management and Human Resource Management

Principles and functions of management
Organization structure: Formal and informal organizations; Span of control
Responsibility and authority: Delegation of authority and decentralization
Motivation and leadership: Concept and theories
Corporate governance and business ethics
Human resource management: Concept, role, and functions of HRM; Human resource planning; Recruitment and selection; Training and development; Succession planning
Compensation management: Job evaluation; Incentives and fringe benefits
Performance appraisal including 360-degree performance appraisal
Collective bargaining and workers’ participation in management
Personality: Perception; Attitudes; Emotions; Group dynamics; Power and politics;
Conflict and negotiation; Stress management
Organizational Culture: Organizational development and organizational change

Unit 7: Banking and Financial Institutions

Overview of the Indian financial system
Types of banks: Commercial banks; Regional Rural Banks (RRBs); Foreign banks; Cooperative banks
Reserve Bank of India: Functions; Role and monetary policy management
Banking sector reforms in India: Basel norms; Risk management; NPA management
Financial markets: Money market; Capital market; Government securities market
Financial Institutions: Development Finance Institutions (DFIs); Non-Banking
Financial Companies (NBFCs); Mutual Funds; Pension Funds
Financial Regulators in India
Financial sector reforms including financial inclusion
Digitization of banking and other financial services: Internet banking; mobile banking; Digital payments systems
Insurance: Types of insurance- Life and Non-life insurance; Risk classification and management; Factors limiting the insurability of risk; Re-insurance; Regulatory the framework of insurance- IRDA and its role

Unit 8: Marketing Management

Marketing: Concept and approaches; Marketing channels; Marketing mix; Strategic marketing planning; Market segmentation, targeting, and positioning
Product decisions: Concept; Product line; Product mix decisions; Product life cycle;
New product development
Pricing decisions: Factors affecting price determination; Pricing policies and Strategies
Promotion decisions Role of promotion in marketing;
Promotion methods - Advertising;
Personal selling; Publicity; Sales promotion tools and techniques; Promotion mix
Distribution decisions: Channels of distribution; Channel management
Consumer Behaviour; Consumer buying process; factors influencing consumer buying decisions
Service marketing
Trends in marketing: Social marketing; Online marketing; Green marketing; Direct marketing; Rural marketing; CRM
Logistics management

Unit 9: Legal Aspects of Business

Indian Contract Act, 1872: Elements of a valid contract; Capacity of parties; Free consent; Discharge of a contract; Breach of contract and remedies against breach;
Quasi-contracts;
Special contracts: Contracts of indemnity and guarantee; contracts of bailment and pledge; Contracts of agency
Sale of Goods Act, 1930: Sale and agreement to sell; Doctrine of Caveat Emptor;
Rights of unpaid seller and rights of the buyer
Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881: Types of negotiable instruments; Negotiation and assignment; Dishonour and discharge of negotiable instruments
The Companies Act, 2013: Nature and kinds of companies; Company formation;
Management, meetings, and winding up of a joint-stock company
Limited Liability Partnership: Structure and procedure of formation of LLP in India
The Competition Act, 2002: Objectives and main provisions
The Information Technology Act, 2000: Objectives and main provisions; Cyber crimes and penalties
The RTI Act, 2005: Objectives and main provisions
Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs): Patents, trademarks, and copyrights; Emerging issues in intellectual property
Goods and Services Tax (GST): Objectives and main provisions; Benefits of GST;
Implementation mechanism; Working of dual GST

Unit 10: Income-tax and Corporate Tax Planning

Income-tax: Basic concepts; Residential status and tax incidence; Exempted incomes; Agricultural income; Computation of taxable income under various heads; Deductions from Gross total income; Assessment of Individuals; Clubbing of incomes
International Taxation: Double taxation and its avoidance mechanism; Transfer Pricing
Corporate Tax Planning: Concepts and significance of corporate tax planning; Tax avoidance versus tax evasion; Techniques of corporate tax planning; Tax considerations in specific business situations: Make or buy decisions; Own or lease an asset; Retain; Renewal or replacement of asset; Shut down or continue operations