(1) A substantial component of Harappan economy was comprised of their trade.
(2) Harappans were carrying inland as well as seafaring trade.
(3) They had brisk trade contact with the Nile Valley Civilization.
(4) Excavations have yielded bronze and terracotta models of carts, as well as depiction of boats on seals.
Answer: Option (3)
4. Which Harappan civilization site, excavated later, has provided the evidence of a unique water harvesting and management system ?
(1) Bhirrana
(2) Dholavira
(3) Kunal
(4) Rakhigarhi
Answer: Option (2)
5. Consider the following statements :
Assertion (A) : The area between the Sindhu and the Hindukush can be regarded culturally
as a part of India during almost the whole of the Hindu period.
Reason (R) : The reference to the rivers Kubha, Krumu and Gomal in the Rigveda leaves
no doubt that the Indo - Aryans were intimately associated with Afghanistan.
In the light of the above two which of the following is correct ?
(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(4) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Answer: Option (1)
6. Arrange the following inscriptions in the chronological order :
(a) Behistun inscription of Darius
(b) Boghaz koi inscription
(c) Naksh - i - Rustam inscription of Darius
(d) Persepolis inscription of Darius
Code :
(1) (a), (b), (c), (d)
(2) (b), (a), (d), (c)
(3) (d), (c), (a), (b)
(4) (b), (d), (c), (a)
Answer: Option (2)
7. The historicity of Darsaka who, according to the genealogy of the Puranas, succeeded Ajatasatru on the throne of Magadha is testified by :
(1) Arthasastra
(2) Devi - Chandraguptam
(3) Mudrarakshasa
(4) Svapnavasavadatta
Answer: Option (4)
8. Arrange the following events in the chronological order :
(a) Assassination of Philippus, Alexander’s satrap in the upper Sindh Valley
(b) Burning of Persepolis by Alexander
(c) Fight between Alexander and Porus
(d) Treaty of Triparadisus
Code :
(1) (a), (c), (d), (b)
(2) (b), (a), (c), (d)
(3) (b), (d), (a), (c)
(4) (b), (c), (a), (d)
Answer: Option (4)
9. The citizens numbering about 20,000, after a brave resistance to Alexander, cart themselves with their wives and children into flames, anticipating the Rajput jauhar of later days, belonged to which of the following Indian tribes ?
(1) Agalassoi
(2) Malloi
(3) Oxydrakai
(4) Xathri
Answer: Option (1)
10. Which classical (Graeco - Roman) author had observed : ‘Generally, the men who have hitherto written on India were a set of liars - Deimachus holds the first place in the list, Megasthenes comes next ; while Onesicritus and Nearchus, with others of the same class, manage to stammer out a few words (of truth)’ ?
(1) Arrian
(2) Justin
(3) Plutarch
(4) Strabo
Answer: Option (4)
11. Which rock edicts of other recensions of the series of Asoka’s Fourteen Rock Edicts are substituted by the separate Kalinga Edicts found at Dhauli and Jaugada ?
(a) XI
(b) XII
(c) XIII
(d) XIV
Code :
(1) XI and XII only
(2) XI, XII and XIII only
(3) XII and XIII only
(4) XII, XIII and XIV only
Answer: Option (2)
12. The brick core of the largest stupa of Sanchi, known as stupa no. 1 or great stupa, was built during the time of :
(1) Asoka
(2) Kanishka
(3) Menander
(4) Agnimitra Sunga
Answer: Option (1)
13. Which of the following kings claims to have stopped the practice of mixing of Varnas ?
(1) Gautamiputra Satakarni
(2) Kharavela
(3) Pushyamitra Sunga
(4) Pravarasena I
Answer: Option (1)
14. The title ‘Maharajasa-Rajatirajasadevaputrasa Kaisarasa’ for the Kushana King Kanishka occurs in which of the following inscriptions ?
(1) Ara stone inscription of Kanishka II yr. 41
(2) Mathura Pedastal inscription of Kanishka I yr. 11
(3) Mathura Pedastal inscription of Kanishka I yr. 23
(4) Mathura Pedastal inscription of Vasudeva yr. 80
Answer: Option (1)
15. The name of goddess Uma occurs on the coins of which of the following ?
(1) Guptas
(2) Indo - Greeks
(3) Kushanas
(4) Sakas
Answer: Option (3)
16. Match List - I with List - II and select the correct answer from the code given below the lists :
(1) (ii) (i) (iii) (iv)
(2) (iv) (ii) (i) (iii)
(3) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
(4) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)
Answer: Option (1)
17. The Karli rock - cut cave was excavated in :
(1) 2ND Cen. B.C.
(2) 3RD Cen. B.C.
(3) 1ST Cen. A.D.
(4) 2ND Cen. A.D.
Answer: Option (3)
18. Which king of the Gupta dynasty was the first to call himself a Maharajadhiraja ?
(1) Chandragupta - I
(2) Chandragupta - II
(3) Ghatotkachagupta
(4) Ramagupta
Answer: Option (1)
19. Match List - I with List - II and select the correct answer from the code given below the lists :
(1) (ii) (i) (iv) (iii)
(2) (iii) (i) (iv) (ii)
(3) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)
(4) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
Answer: Option (2)
20. Despite the refusal of permission by the Emperor, which Chinese traveller visited India and on his return to China not only his secret exist from China was forgiven, but he was received with great honour ?
(1) Fa - hsien
(2) Hiuen - Tsang
(3) I - tsing
(4) Ts’i - Kiu King - Sheng
Answer: Option (2)
21. Match List - I with List - II and select the correct answer from the code given below :
(1) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
(2) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii)
(3) (iv) (ii) (i) (iii)
(4) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)
Answer: Option (3)
22. The Alvars were :
(1) Saivite Priests
(2) Sakta followers
(3) Vaishnava saints
(4) Tantric Priests
Answer: Option (32)
23. Who founded Somapura Mahavihara, the famous centre of education ?
(1) Devapala
(2) Dharmapala
(3) Harsha
(4) Vijayasena
Answer: Option (2)
24. Arrange the following temples in the Chronological order :
(a) Airavatesvara temple
(b) Gangaikondacholapuram temple
(c) Shore temple of Mahabalipuram
(d) Vaikuntha Perumal temple
Code :
(1) (a), (b), (d), (c)
(2) (b), (c), (a), (d)
(3) (c), (d), (b), (a)
(4) (d), (a), (c), (b)
Answer: Option (3)
25. The Sailendra rulers of East Indies maintained intimate relations with which of the following ruling dynasties of India ?
(a) Chalukyas of Vengi
(b) Cholas
(c) Palas
(d) Pandyas
Code :
(1) (a) only
(2) (a) and (b) only
(3) (b) and (c) only
(4) (c) and (d) only
Answer: Option (3)
26. Which one of the following statements is not correct as per the dasi patra vidhi (AD 1230), a sale deed mentioned in the Lekhapaddhati ?
(1) War captives were major source of procuring slaves.
(2) Slaves were sold in the open market.
(3) If slave comits suicide, the owner should be held responsible and be punished.
(4) To execute the deed rakshapalas and residents of the town were chosen as witness.
Answer: Option (3)
27. Which one of the following is the earliest known manuscript copied on paper, when and where ?
(1) Shatapath Brahman, 1089, Kashmir
(2) Chachnama, 11TH Century, Sind
(3) Rajatarangini of Kalhana, 1149, Kashmir
(4) Hitopadesha of Narayana, 11 - 12TH Century, Bengal
Answer: Option (1)
28. On the issue of successful maintenance of barids, which of the following Sultan thus advised his son : ‘Informers and spies should not be allowed to come anywhere near the court, for their closeness to the ruler terrifies obedient and trustworthy friends and their confidence in the King - which is the basis of good government - vanishes’ :
(1) Iltutmish
(2) Balban
(3) Alauddin Khalji
(4) Sikandar Lodi
Answer: Option (2)
29. Consider the following statements about iqta :
(a) Iqta-i tamlik were hereditary in which the iqta was almost considered the private property of the grantee.
(b) Iqta-i mustaghall were not hereditary and were initially both administrative and military in nature.
(c) Iqta-i wajahi were personal grants in which neither the administrative nor military aspect was emphasised.
Select the correct answer from the code given below :
(1) (a) and (b)
(2) (a) and (c)
(3) (b) and (c)
(4) (c) only
Answer: Option (1)
30. When KAMAL Mahiyar, a convert to Sultan Islam, was selected for the post of mutasarrif of Amroha and was presented before him, the Sultan reacted, : ‘When I happen to look at a low-born person, every artery and vein in my body begins to agitate with fury.’ Identify the Sultan :
(1) Iltutmish
(2) Balban
(3) Jalaluddin Khalji
(4) Bahlol Lodi
Answer: Option (2)
31. Which of the following statement is not correct ?
(1) Saiyyid Muhammad was the founder of the Nurbakhshiya sect.
(2) The ideas of the Nurbakhshiya sect are contained in the work known as Fiqh-i Ahwal.
(3) The Nurbakhshiyas did not celebrate Muharram.
(4) The Nurbakhshiyas suffered a setback in the time of Mirza Haider Dughlat, who persecuted them.
Answer: Option (3)
32. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as
Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : The famous Persian poet Badr Chach of the Tughlaq period, who came just a little after Amir Khusrau, says about music that, ‘The basic modes (parda) are none except ten and two’, and he fixes each one of them to particular parts of the day and night.
Reason (R) : Amir Khusrau speaks of ten pardas (modes) only. The lists given by these two poets and those found in works of lexicons and musical works do tally.
In the context of the above two statements which of the following is correct ?
(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(4) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Answer: Option (3)
33. Barbosa writes, ‘The King allows such freedom that every man may come and go and live according to his own creed, without suffering any annoyance, and without enquiry whether he is a Christian, Jew, Moor or Heathen. Great equity and justice is observed to all not only by the rulers, but by the people one to another.’
Identify the ruler under whom the state lay in the toleration :
(1) Achyuta Raya
(2) Krishna Deva Raya
(3) Ram Raya
(4) Sadasiva Raya
Answer: Option (2)
34. Which of the following Mughal emperor noticed villagers collecting date-toddy liquor in the Chambal valley between Bayana and Dholpur, and he describes the method of extracting this as well as the tari proper ?
(1) Babur
(2) Akbar
(3) Jahangir
(4) Aurangzeb
Answer: Option (1)
35. Who said ‘Whosoever came to the serai was to be served with food out of government money according to one’s rank and his pony was given grain and drink’ :
(1) Muhammad Tughlaq
(2) Sikandar Lodi
(3) Shershah Suri
(4) Aurangzeb
Answer: Option (3)
36. Name the notable astronomer of Akbar’s court who wrote Tajikanilakanthi, an astrological treatise ?
(1) Nilakantha
(2) Kalyanamalla
(3) Jagannatha Pandita
(4) Vedangaraya
Answer: Option (1)
37. Which of the following emperor used to take part in a bout of gambling during the celebration of Diwali that continued for three nights ?
(1) Muhammad Tughlaq
(2) Akbar
(3) Jahangir
(4) Farrukh Siyar
Answer: Option (3)
38. Shahjahan used to reward his nobles for their architectural patronage. Which of the noble’s rank was increased for the construction of a fine garden in Kashmir as well as for his diplomatic dealings with the unruly population ?
(1) Zain KHAN
(2) Zakariya KHAN
(3) Zahid KHAN
(4) Zafar KHAN
Answer: Option (4)
39. ‘En route to Karnatak, he made a pilgrimage to the Siva temple of Shri Shaila on the Krishna river. On departing, he gave funds sufficient to build a bathing ghat on the river, a monastery, and a guest house for pilgrims.’
Identify this Maratha ruler :
(1) Shivaji
(2) Shambhaji
(3) Rajaram
(4) Balaji Bajirao I
Answer: Option (1)
40. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as
Reason (R) :
Assertion (A) : Nasaqi was introduced as an alternative of the zabti-i harsala.
Reason (R) : Muzaffar Khan, diwan-i khalisa, discontinued the zabti-i harsala and established nasaq.
In the context of the above two statements, which of the following is correct ?
(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(4) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Answer: Option (3)
41. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as
Reason (R) :
Assertion (A) : Jharokha darshan was an innovation of Akbar and was designed to establish
a personal bond between the ruler and his subject.
Reason (R) : As Akbar’s prestige rose some people made a rule not to eat or drink till they had the darshan of the king.
In the context of the above two statements which of the following is correct ?
(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(4) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Answer: Option ()
42. In regard to Mughal emperor’s interest in music, which of the following statement is not correct ?
(1) For Akbar’s interest in music, Abul Fazl writes that, ‘His Majesty has such a knowledge of the science of music as trained musicians do not possess.’
(2) Shahjahan patronised music at his court, and is said to have acquired considerable proficiency in the art himself.
(3) Aurangzeb’s reign saw the production of a large number of books on music. The most famous of these was Tuhfat-ul Hind written for Aurangzeb’s grandson Jahandar Shah.
(4) The most famous singers during Muhammad Shah’s period were Niamat Khan Sadarang and Firuz Khan Adarang. They were masters of Bhairvi.
Answer: Option (1)
43. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as
Reason (R) :
Assertion (A) : Ramchandra Pant Amatya in his Ajnapatra strongly disapproves of the system of hereditary assignments (vritti) out of land revenue on the ground that it led to a continuous decline of the government income.
Reason (R) : Ramchandra Pant says it is a sin to resume a hereditary preferment (vritti) however small it may be. It should not be transferred to another nor it be resumed.
In the context of the above two statements, which of the following is correct ?
(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(4) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Answer: Option (2)
44. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as
Reason (R) :
Assertion (A) : In the 11TH R.Y. (1567) of Akbar Muzaffar Khan and Raja Todarmal affected a major change. Qanungoes were asked to provide information about the area of land cultivated and uncultivated.
Reason (R) : It was on the basis of the information provided by the Qanungoes that instead of a single price list for the whole empire, the crop rates began to be converted into cash on the basis of the prices prevalent in different regions.
In the context of the above two statements which of the following is correct ?
(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(4) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Answer: Option (1)
45. With regard to mansab claims match List - I with List - II and choose the correct answer from the code given below :
(1) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)
(2) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii)
(3) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i)
(4) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)
Answer: Option (2)
46. What is not true about the Mughal zamindars ?
(1) A zamindar could not be dispossessed or appointed by anyone except the emperor.
(2) An official or jagirdar could only send his recommendation to the court for forfeiting the zamindari rights.
(3) A subadar of the province sometimes could appoint a member of the same old family to replace a recalcitrant zamindar.
(4) A Mughal zamindar’s income from its proprietary claims (malikana) was 10 per cent (25 per cent in Gujarat) to which was added 5-10 per cent nankar which he received from revenue authorities in lieu of revenue collection.
Answer: Option (3)
47. Which of the following statements are true about the sand glass (hour glass) ?
(a) The first reference to sand glass in Afghanistan seems to occur in Mir Khwand’s Rauzat-us Safa.
(b) By the 16TH century the sand glasses in use in India were so made as to show the Indian measure of time (ghari).
(c) The sand glass begins to be shown in Mughal miniatures from Akbar’s time onwards.
(d) Ramchandra’s Yantra Prakasha and Jnanaraja’s Sundara Siddhanta refer to sand-clock.
Select the correct answer from the code given below :
(1) (a), (b), (c)
(2) (b), (c), (d)
(3) (a), (c), (d)
(4) (a), (b), (d)
Answer: Option (3)
48. Which of the following statement is not correct ?
(1) In Mughal miniatures Babur’s depiction in his court represents Babur in an informal gathering of friends.
(2) Many Mughal painting depict Humayun’s court marked by the display of overpowering grandeur, order and immutability.
(3) Akbar had strictly demarcated spaces in the court for each of the princes and nobles.
(4) When Bairam Khan appeared on horseback before Akbar and held him by the hand, the violation of etiquette was so grave that Akbar included it amongst the Khan’s most serious offences.
Answer: Option (2)
49. Match List - I with List - II pertaining to various categories of terms used for the ladies of the imperial household and choose correct answer from the code given below :
(1) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)
(2) (ii) (i) (iv) (iii)
(3) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)
(4) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii)
Answer: Option (4)
50. Which of the following statement is not correct ?
(1) The Arabic term khilat has its Persian counterpart, sar-o-pa.
(2) Khilat or sar-o-pa was comprised of sarpech and turban
(3) The sar-o-pa carried the impress of completeness, signified in the King’s person, now being imparted to the recipient.
(4) Since King’s person symbolically encompassed across the empire, the recipient of the khilat too was incorporated symbolically into the imperial presence and became part and extension of it.
Answer: Option (2)
51. Who made the following assessment about Haider Ali and Tipu Sultan ?
“Haider was an improving monarch and exhibited few innovations, Tipu was an innovating monarch and made no improvements.”
(1) N.K. Sinha
(2) B. Sheikh Ali
(3) Marks Wilks
(4) H.H. Wilson
Answer: Option (3)
52. Who made the following statement :
“ We have effectively crippled our enemy, without making our friends too formidable”.
(1) Charles Metcalfe
(2) Cornwallis
(3) Lord Wellesley
(4) John Lawrence
Answer: Option (2)
53. Match List - I with List - II and choose correct answer from the code given below :
(1) (iv) (ii) (i) (iii)
(2) (iii) (i) (iv) (ii)
(3) (ii) (i) (iv) (iii)
(4) (i) (iv) (ii) (iii)
Answer: Option (3)
54. From among the following princely rulers who was described by Mr. Innes as most loyal to the British for having loudly proclaimed ‘Save India for the British’ ?
(1) Begam of Bhopal
(2) Sir Salar Jang
(3) Sindhia
(4) Gulab Singh
Answer: Option (3)
55. Who among the following made a statement in the House of commons that “The destinies of our Indian Empire are covered with thick darkness. It may be that... having become instructed in European knowledge, they may in some future age demand European institutions...
whether such a day will ever come I know not.... whenever it comes, it will be proudest day in English history.”
(1) Wilberforce
(2) T.B. Macaulay
(3) Charles Wood
(4) Gladestone
Answer: Option (2)
56. In which college a confrontation between the Principal D.L. Richardson and the student President of the “Society for the acquisition of General Knowledge” took place, while a paper was being read ?
(1) Elphinstone College, Bombay
(2) Daly College, Indore
(3) Hindu College, Calcutta
(4) Mayo College, Ajmer
Answer: Option (3)
57. Match List - I with List - II and choose correct answer from the code given below :
(1) (iv) (ii) (iii) (i)
(2) (i) (iv) (ii) (iii)
(3) (iii) (i) (iv) (ii)
(4) (ii) (iv) (i) (iii)
Answer: Option (4)
58. Who among the following was the famous woman revolutionary, was sentenced to transportation for life in the Chittagong Armoury Raid case, after her release in 1939 she joined the Communist Party of India ?
(1) Bina Das
(2) Kalpana Datta
(3) Preetilata Waddedar
(4) Lila Nag
Answer: Option (2)
59. Which of the following revolutionary organisation is not correctly matched with the name of it’s founder ?
Answer: Option (1)
60. What is the name of the Act under which the printer and publisher of any paper in native language could be called upon to enter into a bond not to publish anything to excite feelings of disaffection against the government ?
(1) Press Act of 1910
(2) Press Emergency Power Act 1937
(3) Press Censore Act of 1868
(4) Vernacular Press Act 1878
Answer: Option (4)
61. Who among the following passed the Infant Marriage Preservation Act in 1901, which fixed the minimum marriageable age in the state for girls at 12 and for boys at 16 ?
(1) Holkar of Indor
(2) Bhonsle of Nagpur
(3) Bhonsle of Kolhapur
(4) Gaikwad of Baroda
Answer: Option (4)
62. In which year a Workmen’s Compensation Act was passed ?
(1) 1911
(2) 1919
(3) 1923
(4) 1934
Answer: Option (3)
63. About whom the following, captain Sydenham wrote ‘... for they come to plunder, not to fight... ?
(1) Ramoshi
(2) Pindaris
(3) Maratha
(4) Afghani
Answer: Option (2)
64. In which year the Birth Control League was founded in Bombay ?
(1) 1920
(2) 1924
(3) 1947
(4) 1950
Answer: Option (2)
65. Who among the following described the Cripps proposals as a ‘Post dated cheque on a failing bank’ ?
(1) Jawaharlal Nehru
(2) Mahatma Gandhi
(3) C. Rajgopalachari
(4) J.B. Kriplani
Answer: Option (2)
66. Who among the following had the title Fakhr - e - Afghan ?
(1) Syed Hasan Imam
(2) Khan Syed Ahmad
(3) Abul Kalam Azad
(4) Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Answer: Option (4)
67. Match List - I with List - II and select your answer from the code given below :
(1) (iii) (ii) (iv) (i)
(2) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
(3) (iii) (ii) (i) (iv)
(4) (ii) (i) (iii) (iv)
Answer: Option (1)
68. Which of the following newspapers made vigorous denunciation of the Indigo planters and supported the cause of cultivators during ‘Indigo riots’ ?
(1) Friend of India
(2) Hindu Patriot
(3) Hurkaru
(4) Hindusthan
Answer: Option (2)
69. Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched ?
(1) Chittagong Armoury Raid - Surya Sen
(2) Kakori Conspiracy Case - Ashfaqulla
(3) Lahore Conspiracy Case - Jatin Das
(4) Meerut Conspiracy Case - Mirza Abbas
Answer: Option (4)
70. Which of the two Universities out of the four following Universities were established in the same year ? Select the correct answer from the code given below :
(a) Aligarh Muslim University
(b) S.N.D.T. Women’s University, Bombay
(c) Banaras Hindu University
(d) Vishvabharati University
Code :
(1) (a) and (b)
(2) (a) and (c)
(3) (b) and (c)
(4) (b) and (d)
Answer: Option (3)
71. Ishwar Chand Vidyasagar was associated with which Institution that espoused the cause of women’s education ?
(1) Bethune College, Calcutta
(2) Hindu College, Calcutta
(3) Girls School, Barasat
(4) Sanskrit College, Calcutta
Answer: Option (1)
72. Match List - I with List - II and select the correct answer from the code given below :
(1) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii)
(2) (iv) (ii) (i) (iii)
(3) (ii) (i) (iv) (iii)
(4) (i) (iv) (iii) (ii)
Answer: Option (1)
73. Arrange the following books in chronological order in which they got published. Use the code given below :
(1) (a), (b), (c), (d)
(2) (c), (d), (b), (a)
(3) (b), (c), (d), (a)
(4) (d), (a), (b), (c)
Answer: Option (4)
74. Who among the following princely ruler was made Maharaj Pramukh for his life time in the Covenant for Reconstitution of the United State of Rajasthan ?
(1) Jodhpur
(2) Bikaner
(3) Mewar
(4) Jaipur
Answer: Option (3)
75. Given below are two statements; one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R) :
Assertion (A) : The theory of social Darwinism argued that societies, like other species, are subject to the law of natural selection.
Reason (R) : Societies, world over have failed to adapt to the circumstances as they have progressed.
In the context of the above two statements, which of the following is correct ?
(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
