Free download in PDF Cardiology Multiple Choice Questions and Answers for competitive exams. These short objective type questions with answers are very important for competitive exams. These short solved questions or quizzes are provided by Gkseries.
1
Which of the following concerning congenital heart disease is correct?
A
ASD is the commonest malformation at birth
B
congenital complete heart block is usually associated with Anti-Ro antibodies in the mother
C
Ebstein's anomaly is associated with maternal exposure to lithium carbonate
D
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome is characterised by a large, dilated left ventricle
Answer: Ebstein's anomaly is associated with maternal exposure to lithium carbonate
2
A 74-year-old man presented with acute pain, pallor and absent pulses in his right leg. Investigations revealed an embolus in his femoral artery. What is the most likely source of this embolus?
3
A 25-year-old previously healthy woman has worsening fatigue with dyspnoea, palpitations, and fever over the past one week. Her vital signs on admission to the hospital show Temperature 38.9°C Respiratory rate 30/min Pulse 105 bpm and BP 95/65 mmHg. Her heart rate is irregular.
An ECG shows diffuse ST-T segment changes. A Chest X-ray shows mild cardiomegaly. An echocardiogram shows slight mitral and tricuspid regurgitation but no valvular vegetations. Her troponin I is 12 ng/mL. She recovers over the next two weeks with no apparent sequelae. Which of the following laboratory test findings best explains the underlying etiology for these events?
A
ANCA titer of 1:80
B
Anti-streptolysin O titer of 1:512
C
Blood culture positive for Streptococcus, viridans group
4
A randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled trial of a cholesterol lowering drug in the primary prevention of coronary heart disease is reported. 1000 subjects are treated with the active drug, and 1000 are given placebo. They are followed up over a five year period and 100 individuals in the placebo group and 80 in the treatment group suffer a myocardial infarction. What is the annual percentage risk of myocardial infarction in the group treated with placebo?
5
A 24-year-old woman develops infective endocarditis involving the aortic valve. She receives a porcine bioprosthesis because of her desire to have children and not to take anticoagulant medication. After ten years, she must have this prosthetic valve replaced. Which of the following pathologic findings in the bioprosthesis has most likely led to the need for replacement?
6
Whilst attending the cardiology clinic, the staff nurse measures the blood pressure of a 61-year-old man, and finds that it is 183/100 mmHg sitting and 190/105 standing. He has a heart rate of 81/minute, with an irregularly irregular rhythm. On auscultation of the heart, there are no murmurs, but he has bibasilar crackles on chest examination. Which of the following pathological findings is most likely to be present?
7
A 21 year old man with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy presents in clinic with dizzy spells but has not had any syncopal episodes. Which of the following, if present, would be indicate an increased risk of sudden cardiac death?
A
Asymmetric septal hypertrophy with maximum wall thickness of 2.1 cm
B
Blood Pressure drop of 20mmHg during peak exercise tolerance testing
C
Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Gradient of 80 mmHg
D
Systolic Anterior Movement of the mitral valve on echocardiography
Answer: Blood Pressure drop of 20mmHg during peak exercise tolerance testing
8
A 70-year-old woman has a history of dyspnoea and palpitations for six months. An ECG at that time showed atrial fibrillation. She was given digoxin, diuretics and aspirin. She now presents with two short-lived episodes of altered sensation in the left face, left arm and leg. There is poor coordination of the left hand. ECHO was normal as was a CT head scan.
What is the most appropriate next step in management?
Answer: thrombolysis administered through a peripheral vein is as effective as through a pulmonary artery catheter
10
A randomised double-blind placebo controlled study of a cholesterollowering drug for the primary prevention of coronary heart disease was conducted. It had a five-year follow up period.
The results showed an absolute risk of myocardial infarction in the group-receiving placebo during was 10 per cent. The relative risk of those given the cholesterol lowering medication was 0.8 What number of patients will need to be treated with the drug for five years to prevent one myocardial infarction?
11
A 17 year old girl was found collapsed and drowsy. Her 12-lead ECG showed a sinus tachycardia of 120 beats per minute with a corrected QT interval of 500 ms (normal <470). Which of the following is the most likely cause of her presentation?
12
A 62 year old man has experienced substernal chest pain upon exertion with increasing frequency over the past 1 year. An electrocardiogram shows T wave inversion in the anterolateral leads at rest. He has a total serum cholesterol of 7.0 mmol/l. On angiography, he has an 85% narrowing of the left anterior descending artery. Which of the following events is most likely to occur in this patient?
A
A systemic artery embolus from thrombosis in a peripheral vein.
B
A systemic artery embolus from a left atrial mural thrombus.
C
Pulmonary embolism from a left ventricular mural thrombus
D
A systemic artery embolus from a left ventricular mural thrombus.
Answer: A systemic artery embolus from a left ventricular mural thrombus.
13
During auscultation of the heart you discover a wide fixed splitting of the second heart sound. In which of the following conditions does this occur?
14
A 60-year-old man has worsening congestive heart failure with increasing pulmonary oedema. His blood pressure is normal. He has been healthy all his life with no major illnesses. A serum glucose is 5.6 mmol/L. His total serum cholesterol is 4.8 mmol/L. The serum creatine kinase is not elevated. The most likely explanation for these findings is?
16
A 60-year-old man presents with an inferior MI and receives thrombolysis. 4 hours following initial presentation he becomes acutely breathless. His ECG demonstrates sinus tachycardia (rate 108bpm) with T wave inversion inferiorly. His ST segments are normal. On examination his JVP is elevated at 5 cm. Chest was clear to auscultation. Following 80 mg of Frusemide he deteriorates. His BP is now 80/60 and his urine output over the last 2 hours is 5 mls. What is the best investigative
measure?
19
A 66-year-old man has developed chronic renal failure with a serum urea of 60 mmol/L and creatinine of 650 micromol/L. Auscultation of the chest reveals a friction rub over the cardiac apex. He is most likley to have a pericarditis that is termed?
20
A 51-year-old woman has had several syncopal episodes over the past year. Each episode is characterized by sudden but brief loss of consciousness. She has no chest pain. She has no ankle edema. On brain MRI there is a 1.5 cm cystic area in the left parietal cortex. A chest X-ray shows no cardiac enlargement, and her lung fields are normal. Her serum total cholesterol is 6.5 mmol/L. Which of the following cardiac lesions is she most likely to have?
